National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan.
J Food Sci. 2024 Jul;89(7):4522-4534. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.17155. Epub 2024 Jun 9.
Diabetes causes elevated blood sugar levels, and it has been categorized as one of the most frequent causes of death worldwide. This work aimed to analyze and compare the nutraceutical and therapeutic efficacy of fenugreek seeds (FSs) (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and black cumin seeds (BCSs) (Nigella sativa) against streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats. FS and BCSs were evaluated for proximate analysis, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities. Male albino rats were used to evaluate the in vivo antidiabetic activities of these medicinal plants for 42 days. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals of 1 week to analyze blood glucose, plasma insulin, and cholesterol levels and to determine the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) index. At the end of the trial, pancreas tissue was also collected for histological examination. Results of the proximate analysis showed the significant presence of moisture, ash, fat, protein, and fiber. Antioxidant parameters like 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content were found to be significant. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose level, serum cholesterol level, and insulin resistance in treatment groups T3-T5. Insulin and body weight results of treatment groups were significant (p < 0.05) compared to streptozotocin-intoxicated animals. Histological examination revealed the nutraceutical impact of selected herbal plants due to enhancing impact on the size and the number of β-cells in the pancreas. Findings of current research work explore the antidiabetic capacity of selected nutraceutical and medicinal plants.
糖尿病会导致血糖升高，已被归类为全球最常见的死亡原因之一。本工作旨在分析和比较葫芦巴种子（FS）（Trigonella foenum-graecum）和黑孜然种子（BCS）（Nigella sativa）的营养和治疗功效，以对抗链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大白鼠。FS 和 BCS 进行了近似分析、植物化学物质和抗氧化活性评估。雄性大白鼠用于评估这些药用植物的体内抗糖尿病活性，为期 42 天。每隔一周抽取一次血样，以分析血糖、血浆胰岛素和胆固醇水平，并确定胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估（HOMA IR）指数。试验结束时，还收集胰腺组织进行组织学检查。近似分析的结果表明，水分、灰分、脂肪、蛋白质和纤维的含量显著。抗氧化参数如 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼、总酚含量和总黄酮含量也被发现是显著的。与链脲佐菌素中毒动物相比，治疗组 T3-T5 的血糖水平、血清胆固醇水平和胰岛素抵抗显著降低（p<0.05）。与链脲佐菌素中毒动物相比，治疗组的胰岛素和体重结果显著（p<0.05）。组织学检查显示，由于对胰腺中β细胞的大小和数量有增强的影响，所选草药植物具有营养作用。本研究工作的结果探索了所选营养和药用植物的抗糖尿病能力。
