Gao Zhiyao, Duberg Katherine, Warren Stacie L, Zheng Li, Hinshaw Stephen P, Menon Vinod, Cai Weidong
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA.
bioRxiv. 2024 May 30:2024.05.29.596493. doi: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596493.
This study explores the neural underpinnings of cognitive control deficits in ADHD, focusing on overlooked aspects of trial-level variability of neural coding. We employed a novel computational approach to neural decoding on a single-trial basis alongside a cued stop-signal task which allowed us to distinctly probe both proactive and reactive cognitive control. Typically developing (TD) children exhibited stable neural response patterns for efficient proactive and reactive dual control mechanisms. However, neural coding was compromised in children with ADHD. Children with ADHD showed increased temporal variability and diminished spatial stability in neural responses in salience and frontal-parietal network regions, indicating disrupted neural coding during both proactive and reactive control. Moreover, this variability correlated with fluctuating task performance and with more severe symptoms of ADHD. These findings underscore the significance of modeling single-trial variability and representational similarity in understanding distinct components of cognitive control in ADHD, highlighting new perspectives on neurocognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.
本研究探讨了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）中认知控制缺陷的神经基础，重点关注神经编码试验水平变异性中被忽视的方面。我们采用了一种新颖的单试验神经解码计算方法，同时结合了一个提示停止信号任务，这使我们能够分别探究主动和反应性认知控制。发育正常（TD）的儿童表现出稳定的神经反应模式，以实现高效的主动和反应性双重控制机制。然而，ADHD儿童的神经编码受到损害。ADHD儿童在显著性和额顶叶网络区域的神经反应中表现出时间变异性增加和空间稳定性降低，表明在主动和反应性控制过程中神经编码均受到破坏。此外，这种变异性与波动的任务表现以及更严重的ADHD症状相关。这些发现强调了在理解ADHD认知控制不同组成部分时对单试验变异性和表征相似性进行建模的重要性，突出了对精神疾病神经认知功能障碍的新观点。
