School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Lincoln University, Lower Oxford Township, PA, USA.
AIDS Behav. 2024 Sep;28(9):2875-2886. doi: 10.1007/s10461-024-04366-3. Epub 2024 Jun 10.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is pivotal in curbing HIV transmission and is integral to the national plan to end the HIV epidemic in the United States (US). Nonetheless, widespread PrEP adoption faces barriers. Telehealth delivery models for PrEP, or telePrEP, can enhance PrEP access and adherence by providing flexible care remotely. This study presents a systematic review of telePrEP programs in the US, aiming to describe model characteristics and summarize clinical, implementation, and equity outcomes. We reviewed studies published from 2012 to 2023. We included articles that described telePrEP systems in the US and measured PrEP care continuum outcomes (awareness, initiation, uptake, adherence) or acceptability of the intervention by program users. Eight articles describing six distinct telePrEP initiatives met our inclusion criteria. Studies described models implemented in community-based, academic, and commercial settings, with most programs using a direct-to-client telePrEP model. Across studies, clients reported high acceptability of the telePrEP programs, finding them easy to use, convenient, and helpful as a tool for accessing HIV prevention services. No programs were offering injectable PrEP at the time these studies were conducted. Data was limited in measuring PrEP retention rates and the reach of services to underserved populations, including Black and Latinx communities, transgender individuals, and cis-gender women. Findings underscore the potential of telePrEP to bolster the reach of PrEP care and address structural barriers to access. As telehealth models for PrEP care gain prominence, future research should concentrate on refining implementation strategies, enhancing equity outcomes, and expanding services to include injectable PrEP.
暴露前预防(PrEP)是遏制 HIV 传播的关键,也是美国终结 HIV 疫情国家计划的重要组成部分。尽管如此,广泛采用 PrEP 仍面临障碍。通过远程提供 PrEP 的远程医疗服务模式(简称 telePrEP),可以提供灵活的远程护理,从而增强 PrEP 的可及性和依从性。本研究对美国的 telePrEP 项目进行了系统评价,旨在描述模型特征,并总结临床、实施和公平性结果。我们回顾了 2012 年至 2023 年期间发表的研究。我们纳入了描述美国 telePrEP 系统并测量 PrEP 护理连续体结果(知晓率、启动率、使用率、依从率)或项目使用者对干预措施可接受性的文章。有 8 篇描述了 6 个不同的 telePrEP 计划的文章符合我们的纳入标准。研究描述了在社区、学术和商业环境中实施的模型,大多数计划采用直接向客户提供 telePrEP 的模式。在这些研究中,客户报告对 telePrEP 计划的接受度很高,认为这些计划易于使用、方便,并且是获取 HIV 预防服务的有用工具。在进行这些研究时,没有任何计划提供注射用 PrEP。数据在测量 PrEP 保留率和向服务不足的人群(包括黑人和拉丁裔社区、跨性别者和 cis-gender 女性)提供服务的范围方面有限。研究结果强调了 telePrEP 有潜力扩大 PrEP 护理的覆盖范围,并解决获得 PrEP 的结构性障碍。随着 PrEP 护理的远程医疗模式越来越受到关注,未来的研究应集中于完善实施策略、增强公平性结果,并扩大服务范围,纳入注射用 PrEP。
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