Central Research Facility, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, (deemed to be University), Pimpri, Pune, India.
Department of Microbiology, Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, (deemed to be University), Pimpri, Pune, India.
Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024 Jun;12(6):e1238. doi: 10.1002/iid3.1238.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune response is crucial for disease management, although diminishing immunity raises the possibility of reinfection.
We examined the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of convalescent COVID-19 patients in matched samples collected at 1 and 6-8 months after infection. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from enrolled study participants and flow cytometry analysis was done to assess the lymphocyte subsets of naive, effector, central memory, and effector memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 patients at 1 and 6-8 months after infection. Immunophenotypic characterization of immune cell subsets was performed on individuals who were followed longitudinally for 1 month (n = 44) and 6-8 months (n = 25) after recovery from COVID infection.
We observed that CD4 +T cells in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients tended to decrease, whereas CD8+ T cells steadily recovered after 1 month, while there was a sustained increase in the population of effector T cells and effector memory T cells. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients showed persistently low B cells and a small increase in the NK cell population.
Our findings show that T cell responses were maintained at 6-8 months after infection. This opens new pathways for further research into the long-term effects in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的免疫反应对疾病管理至关重要，尽管免疫能力下降会增加再次感染的可能性。
我们在感染后 1 个月和 6-8 个月采集的配对样本中，对一组 COVID-19 恢复期患者的 SARS-CoV-2 免疫反应进行了研究。从入组研究参与者中分离外周血单核细胞，并进行流式细胞术分析，以评估 COVID-19 患者在感染后 1 个月和 6-8 个月时 CD4+或 CD8+T 细胞的初始、效应、中央记忆和效应记忆淋巴细胞亚群。对 COVID 感染后 1 个月（n=44）和 6-8 个月（n=25）进行纵向随访的个体进行免疫细胞亚群免疫表型特征分析。
我们观察到住院 SARS-CoV-2 患者的 CD4+T 细胞趋于减少，而 CD8+T 细胞在 1 个月后稳定恢复，同时效应 T 细胞和效应记忆 T 细胞群体持续增加。此外，COVID-19 患者的 B 细胞持续减少，NK 细胞群体略有增加。
我们的发现表明，T 细胞反应在感染后 6-8 个月仍能维持。这为进一步研究 COVID-19 免疫发病机制的长期影响开辟了新的途径。
