Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2024 Oct;246:105981. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105981. Epub 2024 Jun 10.
Although temperamental shyness is conceptualized as a trait marked by cautiousness, we know relatively little about its relation to risk-taking. We examined how shyness was related to opportunities for risk-taking while considering how social context (i.e., presence of peers) and developmental stage (i.e., children and adolescents) might influence this relation. In the current study, 198 children (M = 10.17 years) and 221 adolescents (M = 13.46 years) completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) alone or during a peer observation manipulation. For children and adolescents, shyness was related to physiological arousal and self-reporting feeling anxious during the peer condition. However, peer observation did not influence the relation between shyness and behavioral responses during the BART. Across both alone and peer conditions, shyness was related to a longer response time for children and adolescents, which may reflect decisional conflict during risk-taking opportunities. Furthermore, shyness in children (but not in adolescents) was related to poorer performance (i.e., fewer points), whereas shyness was unrelated to risk-taking propensity (i.e., number of pumps) for both children and adolescents. Overall, although the presence of peers may induce anxiety during a risk-taking opportunity for children and adolescents higher in shyness, this does not appear to modify their risk-taking behaviors. Instead, shyer children and adolescents in general may take a longer time to decide whether to act in a risky manner, whereas shy children in particular may show poorer performance in obtaining a reward on a risk-taking task.
虽然气质害羞被概念化为谨慎为特征的特质，但我们对其与冒险行为的关系知之甚少。我们研究了害羞与冒险机会之间的关系，同时考虑了社会环境（即同伴的存在）和发展阶段（即儿童和青少年）如何影响这种关系。在当前的研究中，198 名儿童（M=10.17 岁）和 221 名青少年（M=13.46 岁）独自或在同伴观察操作下完成了气球分析风险任务（BART）。对于儿童和青少年来说，害羞与生理唤醒和在同伴条件下自我报告焦虑有关。然而，同伴观察并没有影响害羞与 BART 中行为反应之间的关系。在独自和同伴两种情况下，害羞与儿童和青少年的反应时间较长有关，这可能反映了冒险机会中的决策冲突。此外，儿童的害羞（而不是青少年的害羞）与表现较差（即较少的分数）有关，而害羞与儿童和青少年的冒险倾向（即泵的数量）无关。总的来说，尽管同伴的存在可能会在害羞程度较高的儿童和青少年进行冒险机会时引起焦虑，但这似乎不会改变他们的冒险行为。相反，一般来说，更害羞的儿童和青少年可能需要更长的时间来决定是否以冒险的方式行事，而特别害羞的儿童可能在冒险任务中获得奖励时表现较差。
