Lommatzsch Marek
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2024 Jul;149(13):764-770. doi: 10.1055/a-2161-1802. Epub 2024 Jun 11.
Symptom prevention and remission are the goals of asthma treatment. Precise phenotyping of the patients, including history, lung function, allergology and measurement of type 2 biomarkers, is the essential prerequisite for treatment success. Basic measures, treatment with DMAADs ("disease-modifying anti-asthmatic drugs": predominantly inhaled corticosteroids, biologics, and allergen immunotherapy) and treatment of comorbidities are the cornerstones of modern asthma management. The treatment of upper airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis (often associated with early-onset asthma) or chronic rhinosinusitis (often associated with adult-onset asthma, with 2 forms: either with nasal polyps, CRSwNP, or without nasal polyps, CRSsNP) is of major importance in this regard.
症状预防和缓解是哮喘治疗的目标。对患者进行精确的表型分析,包括病史、肺功能、变态反应学以及2型生物标志物的检测,是治疗成功的基本前提。基本措施、使用“疾病修饰抗哮喘药物”(DMAADs,主要是吸入性糖皮质激素、生物制剂和变应原免疫疗法)进行治疗以及合并症的治疗是现代哮喘管理的基石。在这方面,治疗上呼吸道疾病如过敏性鼻炎(常与早发性哮喘相关)或慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(常与成人发病哮喘相关,有两种形式:伴有鼻息肉的CRSwNP或不伴有鼻息肉的CRSsNP)至关重要。