Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ankara, Yenimahalle, 06172, Türkiye.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Diskapi, 06110, Türkiye.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2024 Jun;93(1):211-227. doi: 10.1007/s10493-024-00923-6. Epub 2024 Jun 12.
Acaricides used against Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) in cotton fields cause control failure over time. To determine the resistance status of T. urticae populations to tebufenpyrad and bifenazate, different populations collected from Aydın (AYD), Adana (ADA), Şanlıurfa (SAN), and Diyarbakır (DIY) provinces of Türkiye, between 2019 and 2020, were subjected to diagnostic dose bioassays. Firstly, the spider mites were eliminated with a discriminating dose. Afterwards, LC and LC of the remaining populations were determined and the ten highest resistant populations were selected. The highest phenotypic resistance to bifenazate was observed in AYD4 and DIY2 (LC 57.14 mg L with 85.01-fold and LC 30.15 mg Lwith 44.86-fold, respectively), while the lowest phenotypic resistance was found in SAN6 (LC 1.5 mg L; 2.28-fold). Considering the phenotypic resistance to tebufenpyrad, the highest resistance was found in AYD4 population (LC 96.81 mg L; 12.92-fold), while the lowest - in DIY28 population (LC 21.23 mg L; 2.83-fold). In pharmacokinetic studies, the ADA16 population was compared with the sensitive German Susceptible Strain population and it was determined that carboxylesterase activity was statistically higher (1.46 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg protein enzyme activation 2.70-fold). The highest activation of glutathione S-transferase was detected in ADA16 (1.49 ± 0.01 nmol/min/mg protein; 2.32-fold). No mutations were found in PSST (METI 1), the point mutation site for tebufenpyrad, and Cytb (METI 3), the point mutation site for bifenazate. In terms of phenotypic resistance, bifenazate was found to be moderately resistant in two populations (85.01 and 44.86-fold), while tebufenpyrad was moderately resistant in one population (12.92-fold). This study showed that both acaricides are still effective against T. urticae populations.
在棉田用于防治四斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch，1836）的杀螨剂随着时间的推移会导致防治失败。为了确定土耳其阿德亚曼（Aydın，AYD）、阿达纳（Adana，ADA）、尚勒乌尔法（Şanlıurfa，SAN）和迪亚巴克尔（Diyarbakır，DIY）省不同种群对四螨嗪和联苯肼酯的抗药性状况，于 2019 年至 2020 年间采集了这些种群，并进行了诊断剂量生物测定。首先，用鉴别剂量消除了这些蜘蛛螨。随后，确定了剩余种群的 LC 和 LC，并选择了最高的 10 个抗性种群。在 AYD4 和 DIY2 中观察到对联苯肼酯的最高表型抗性（LC 57.14 mg L，分别为 85.01 倍和 LC 30.15 mg L，分别为 44.86 倍），而在 SAN6 中观察到最低的表型抗性（LC 1.5 mg L；2.28 倍）。考虑到四螨嗪的表型抗性，AYD4 种群的抗性最高（LC 96.81 mg L；12.92 倍），而 DIY28 种群的抗性最低（LC 21.23 mg L；2.83 倍）。在药代动力学研究中，将 ADA16 种群与敏感的德国敏感品系种群进行了比较，结果表明羧酸酯酶活性显著升高（酶激活 1.46 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg 蛋白，2.70 倍）。在 ADA16 中检测到谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶的最高激活（1.49 ± 0.01 nmol/min/mg 蛋白；2.32 倍）。在 PSST（METI 1），即四螨嗪的点突变位点和 Cytb（METI 3），即联苯肼酯的点突变位点，未发现突变。就表型抗性而言，在两个种群中发现联苯肼酯中度抗性（85.01 和 44.86 倍），而在一个种群中发现四螨嗪中度抗性（12.92 倍）。本研究表明，这两种杀螨剂对四斑叶螨种群仍然有效。
