Galanos C, Hansen-Hagge T, Lehmann V, Lüderitz O
Infect Immun. 1985 May;48(2):355-8. doi: 10.1128/iai.48.2.355-358.1985.
It has been shown recently that a Salmonella lipid A precursor molecule (Ia) and its synthetic counterpart are inactive in expressing the local Shwartzman reaction in both homologous and heterologous systems in combination with lipid A. Precursor Ia contains a bisphosphoryl-beta-1,6-glucosamine disaccharide substituted by 4 mol of (D)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl residues. Escherichia coli lipid A, on the other hand, which contains two additional non-hydroxylated acyl residues in the form of two 3-acyloxyacyl units, is highly active. We have recently isolated a lipid A precursor molecule (Ib) with the same basic structure as precursor Ia, which contains, however, one additional non-hydroxylated (hexadecanoic) fatty acid forming one 3-acyloxyacyl residue. A comparison of precursor Ia and Ib in homologous and cross-reacting Shwartzman systems confirmed that precursor Ia completely lacked the capacity to prepare the skin for, or to elicit, the Shwartzman reaction. In contrast, precursor Ib was strongly active in inducing the local Shwartzman reaction both when administered intradermally as a preparatory agent and when administered intravenously as a provocatory agent. The results indicate that the additional presence of at least one fatty acid either as such or as an acyloxyacyl residue (as in precursor Ib) is a prerequisite for the ability of the molecule to induce the local Shwartzman phenomenon.
最近研究表明，沙门氏菌脂多糖A前体分子（Ia）及其合成类似物，在与脂多糖A结合时，在同源和异源系统中表达局部施瓦茨曼反应均无活性。前体Ia含有一个双磷酸化-β-1,6-葡糖胺二糖，被4摩尔（D）-3-羟基十四烷酰残基取代。另一方面，大肠杆菌脂多糖A含有两个额外的非羟基化酰基残基，以两个3-酰氧基酰基单元的形式存在，具有高度活性。我们最近分离出一种脂多糖A前体分子（Ib），其基本结构与前体Ia相同，但含有一个额外的非羟基化（十六烷酸）脂肪酸，形成一个3-酰氧基酰基残基。在前体Ia和Ib在同源和交叉反应施瓦茨曼系统中的比较证实，前体Ia完全缺乏使皮肤对施瓦茨曼反应产生致敏或引发该反应的能力。相比之下，前体Ib在作为预致敏剂皮内给药以及作为激发剂静脉给药时，在诱导局部施瓦茨曼反应方面均具有强烈活性。结果表明，至少一个脂肪酸以其本身形式或作为酰氧基酰基残基（如在前体Ib中）的额外存在，是该分子诱导局部施瓦茨曼现象能力的先决条件。
