Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands.
J Neurosci. 2024 Aug 7;44(32):e0463242024. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0463-24.2024.
During natural behavior, an action often needs to be suddenly stopped in response to an unexpected sensory input-referred to as reactive stopping. Reactive stopping has been mostly investigated in humans, which led to hypotheses about the involvement of different brain structures, in particular the hyperdirect pathway. Here, we directly investigate the contribution and interaction of two key regions of the hyperdirect pathway, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and subthalamic nucleus (STN), using dual-area, multielectrode recordings in male rats performing a stop-signal task. In this task, rats have to initiate movement to a go-signal, and occasionally stop their movement to the go-signal side after a stop-signal, presented at various stop-signal delays. Both the OFC and STN show near-simultaneous field potential reductions in the beta frequency range (12-30 Hz) compared with the period preceding the go-signal and the movement period. These transient reductions (∼200 ms) only happen during reactive stopping, which is when the stop-signal was received after action initiation, and are well timed after stop-signal onset and before the estimated time of stopping. Phase synchronization analysis also showed a transient attenuation of synchronization between the OFC and STN in the beta range during reactive stopping. The present results provide the first direct quantification of local neural oscillatory activity in the OFC and STN and interareal synchronization specifically timed during reactive stopping.
在自然行为中，通常需要根据意外的感觉输入突然停止动作，这被称为反应性停止。反应性停止在人类中得到了广泛研究，这导致了关于不同大脑结构参与的假设，特别是超直接途径。在这里，我们使用雄性大鼠在执行停止信号任务时进行的双区域、多电极记录，直接研究超直接途径的两个关键区域——眶额皮质 (OFC) 和丘脑底核 (STN) 的贡献和相互作用。在这个任务中，大鼠必须在 Go 信号下启动运动，并且在 Go 信号侧的停止信号以各种停止信号延迟呈现后，偶尔会停止向 Go 信号侧的运动。与 Go 信号之前的时期和运动时期相比，OFC 和 STN 都显示出近同步的β频带（12-30 Hz）场电位降低。这些短暂的降低（约 200 毫秒）仅发生在反应性停止期间，即当启动动作后收到停止信号时，并且在停止信号出现后和估计的停止时间之前定时良好。相位同步分析还显示，在反应性停止期间，OFC 和 STN 之间的β频带中的同步性出现短暂衰减。本研究结果首次直接量化了反应性停止期间特定时间的 OFC 和 STN 局部神经振荡活动和区域间同步性。
