Maghalian Mahsa, Nikanfar Roghayeh, Nabighadim Mahsan, Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
BMC Psychol. 2024 Jun 12;12(1):345. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01847-x.
Unintended pregnancies and intimate partner violence can adversely affect women, infants, and their psychological well-being. The study aimed to compare depression, anxiety, maternal-fetal attachment, and the prevalence of intimate partner violence between women with and without unintended pregnancies in Tabriz, Iran. The study sought to address the lack of research on this topic in the Iranian context.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 486 pregnant women attending health centers in Tabriz City between 2022 and 2023. A cluster sampling method was utilized, and data were gathered through the administration of socio-demographic, Maternal Fetal Attachment, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression, World Health Organization Domestic Violence, and Pregnancy Anxiety instruments. A general linear model (GLM), controlling for potential confounding variables, was used to compare anxiety, depression, and maternal-fetal attachment between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, also controlling for potential confounding variables, was employed to compare the prevalence of domestic violence between the two groups.
The results of the adjusted GLM indicated that women with unintended pregnancies had significantly lower maternal-fetal attachment (Adjusted mean difference (AMD):-9.82, 95% CI:-12.4 to -7.15 ; p < 0.001)), higher levels of depression (AMD: 2.89; CI: 1.92 to 3.86 ; p < 0.001), and higher levels of anxiety (MD: 5.65; 95% CI: 3.84 to 7.45; p < 0.001) compared to women with intended pregnancies. During pregnancy, 40% of women with unintended pregnancies and 19.2% of women with intended pregnancies reported experiencing at least one form of physical, sexual, or emotional violence. The results of the adjusted multivariable logistic regression revealed that women with unintended pregnancies had a significantly higher odds of experiencing emotional violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.64 to 5.26; p < 0.001), sexual violence, (aOR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.85; p = 0.004), and physical violence (aOR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.50 to 3.77; p < 0.001) compared to women with intended pregnancies.
The study found that women with unintended pregnancies had lower levels of maternal-fetal attachment, higher levels of anxiety and depression, and a high prevalence of intimate partner violence, including physical, sexual, and emotional violence, compared to women with intended pregnancies. These results emphasize the importance of implementing policies aimed at reducing unintended pregnancies.
意外怀孕和亲密伴侣暴力会对女性、婴儿及其心理健康产生不利影响。本研究旨在比较伊朗大不里士有无意外怀孕女性之间的抑郁、焦虑、母婴依恋以及亲密伴侣暴力的发生率。该研究旨在填补伊朗在这一主题上研究的空白。
本横断面研究于2022年至2023年对在大不里士市健康中心就诊的486名孕妇进行。采用整群抽样方法，通过社会人口学、母婴依恋、爱丁堡产后抑郁、世界卫生组织家庭暴力和妊娠焦虑量表收集数据。使用一般线性模型（GLM），控制潜在的混杂变量，比较两组之间的焦虑、抑郁和母婴依恋情况。多变量逻辑回归分析，同样控制潜在的混杂变量，用于比较两组之间家庭暴力的发生率。
调整后的GLM结果表明，与有计划怀孕的女性相比，意外怀孕的女性母婴依恋水平显著更低（调整后均值差（AMD）：-9.82，95%置信区间：-12.4至-7.15；p<0.001），抑郁水平更高（AMD：2.89；置信区间：1.92至3.86；p<0.001），焦虑水平更高（均值差：5.65；95%置信区间：3.84至7.45；p<0.001）。在孕期，40%的意外怀孕女性和19.2%的有计划怀孕女性报告至少经历过一种身体、性或情感暴力。调整后的多变量逻辑回归结果显示，与有计划怀孕的女性相比，意外怀孕的女性遭受情感暴力（调整后优势比[aOR]：2.94；95%置信区间：1.64至5.26；p<0.001）、性暴力（aOR：2.25；95%置信区间：1.32至3.85；p=0.004）和身体暴力（aOR：2.38；95%置信区间：1.50至%3.77；p<0.001）的几率显著更高。
研究发现，与有计划怀孕的女性相比，意外怀孕的女性母婴依恋水平更低，焦虑和抑郁水平更高，亲密伴侣暴力的发生率较高，包括身体、性和情感暴力。这些结果强调了实施旨在减少意外怀孕的政策的重要性。
