Qi Jin, Zhang Pengfei, Zhang Tong, Zhang Ran, Zhang Qingmei, Wang Jue, Zong Mingrui, Gong Yajuan, Liu Xiaoming, Wu Xiuping, Li Bing
Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China.
Heliyon. 2024 May 31;10(11):e32133. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32133. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.
Carbon dots (CDs), as a new kind of fluorescent nanomaterials, show great potential for application in several fields due to their unique nano-size effect, easy surface functionalization, controllable photoluminescence, and excellent biocompatibility. Conventional preparation methods for CDs typically involve top-down and bottom-up approaches. Doping is a major step forward in CDs design methodology. Chemical doping includes both non-metal and metal doping, in which non-metal doping is an effective strategy for modulating the fluorescence properties of CDs and improving photocatalytic performance in several areas. In recent years, Metal-doped CDs have aroused the interest of academics as a promising nano-doping technique. This approach has led to improvements in the physicochemical and optical properties of CDs by altering their electron density distribution and bandgap capacity. Additionally, the issues of metal toxicity and utilization have been addressed to a large extent. In this review, we categorize metals into two major groups: transition group metals and rare-earth group metals, and an overview of recent advances in biomedical applications of these two categories, respectively. Meanwhile, the prospects and the challenges of metal-doped CDs for biomedical applications are reviewed and concluded. The aim of this paper is to break through the existing deficiencies of metal-doped CDs and fully exploit their potential. I believe that this review will broaden the insight into the synthesis and biomedical applications of metal-doped CDs.
碳点（CDs）作为一种新型荧光纳米材料，因其独特的纳米尺寸效应、易于表面功能化、可控的光致发光以及优异的生物相容性，在多个领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。传统的碳点制备方法通常包括自上而下和自下而上的方法。掺杂是碳点设计方法的一个重大进步。化学掺杂包括非金属掺杂和金属掺杂，其中非金属掺杂是调节碳点荧光性质和提高多个领域光催化性能的有效策略。近年来，金属掺杂碳点作为一种有前途的纳米掺杂技术引起了学术界的关注。这种方法通过改变碳点的电子密度分布和带隙容量，改善了其物理化学和光学性质。此外，金属毒性和利用率问题在很大程度上也得到了解决。在本综述中，我们将金属分为两大类：过渡族金属和稀土族金属，并分别概述了这两类金属在生物医学应用方面的最新进展。同时，对金属掺杂碳点在生物医学应用中的前景和挑战进行了综述和总结。本文旨在突破金属掺杂碳点现有的不足，充分挖掘其潜力。我相信，这篇综述将拓宽对金属掺杂碳点合成及其生物医学应用的认识。
