Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021 Jul;203:111743. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111743. Epub 2021 Apr 5.
As a fascinating class of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs), doped-CDs are now sparked intense research interest, particularly in the diverse fields of biomedical applications due to their unique advantages, including low toxicity, physicochemical, photostability, excellent biocompatibility, and so on. In this review, we have summarized the most recent developments in the literature regarding the employment of doped-CDs for pharmaceutical and medical applications, which are published over approximately the past five years. Accordingly, we discuss the toxicity and optical properties of these nanomaterials. Beyond the presentation of successful examples of the application of these multifunctional nanoparticles in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and antibacterial activity, we further highlight their application in the cellular labeling, dual imaging, and in vitro and in vivo bioimaging by use of fluorescent-, photoacoustic-, magnetic-, and computed tomography (CT)-imaging. The potency of doped-CDs was also described in the biosensing of ions, small molecules, and drugs in biological samples or inside the cells. Finally, the advantages, disadvantages, and common limitations of doped-CD technologies are reviewed, along with the future prospects in biomedical research. Therefore, this review provides a concise insight into the current developments and challenges in the field of doped-CDs, especially for biological and biomedical researchers.
作为一类引人入胜的荧光碳点（CDs），掺杂 CDs 由于其独特的优势，如低毒性、物理化学稳定性、良好的生物相容性等，在生物医药应用等多个领域引起了强烈的研究兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们总结了过去五年左右关于掺杂 CDs 在药物和医学应用中的最新研究进展。相应地，我们讨论了这些纳米材料的毒性和光学性质。除了介绍这些多功能纳米粒子在光热疗法、光动力疗法和抗菌活性方面成功应用的实例外，我们还进一步强调了它们在细胞标记、双模式成像以及荧光、光声、磁共振和计算机断层扫描（CT）成像的体外和体内生物成像中的应用。掺杂 CDs 在生物样品或细胞内离子、小分子和药物的生物传感中的应用也得到了描述。最后，综述了掺杂 CD 技术的优缺点和常见限制，并对其在生物医学研究中的未来前景进行了展望。因此，本综述为生物和生物医药研究人员提供了对掺杂 CDs 领域当前发展和挑战的简要了解。
