Hunt George, Mannervik Mattias
Dept. Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Int J Dev Biol. 2024;68(4):169-188. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.230218gh.
Enhancers play an essential role in gene regulation by receiving cues from transcription factors and relaying these signals to modulate transcription from target promoters. Enhancer-promoter communications occur across large linear distances of the genome and with high specificity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie enhancer-mediated control of transcription remain unresolved. In this review, we focus on research in uncovering the molecular mechanisms governing enhancer-promoter communication and discuss the current understanding of developmental gene regulation. The functions of protein acetylation, pausing of RNA polymerase II, transcriptional bursting, and the formation of nuclear hubs in the induction of tissue-specific programs of transcription during zygotic genome activation are considered.
增强子通过接收来自转录因子的信号并将这些信号传递以调节靶启动子的转录，在基因调控中发挥着至关重要的作用。增强子与启动子之间的通讯发生在基因组的大线性距离上，且具有高度特异性。增强子介导的转录调控的分子机制仍未得到解决。在这篇综述中，我们专注于揭示增强子与启动子通讯的分子机制的研究，并讨论目前对发育基因调控的理解。我们考虑了蛋白质乙酰化、RNA聚合酶II的暂停、转录爆发以及核枢纽的形成在合子基因组激活期间诱导组织特异性转录程序中的作用。
