Prange Edward J, Awad Ziad, Puri Ruchir
Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA.
Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA.
Cureus. 2024 May 13;16(5):e60229. doi: 10.7759/cureus.60229. eCollection 2024 May.
Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by incomplete lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation, increased LES tone, and absent peristalsis in the esophagus. Management of achalasia includes pneumatic dilation (PD), Botulinum toxin A (BTA) injections to LES, per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), and a laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM). Situs inversus is a rare congenital condition in which the abdominal and thoracic organs are located in a mirror image of the normal position in the sagittal plane. We herein present a case of a patient with Type II achalasia who underwent an LHM and toupet fundoplication in the setting of an isolated laterality malposition of the liver on the left side of the abdomen. Single organ congenital lateralization defects are extremely rare with literature describing few case reports and case series. A much rarer condition is isolated organ situs inversus. In the foregut, most reports of isolated situs inversus are limited to isolated gastric situs inversus, dextrogastria. Most isolated liver malposition has described situs ambiguous, at the midline, usually associated with polysplenia. Our patient had the normal position of the foregut structures, including the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and duodenum, except for the isolated situs inversus of the liver. Because of the unusual anatomy, performing an LHM was quite challenging. Our workup approach and intraoperative considerations are described. By displacing the larger left lobe of the liver, we were able to safely complete a standard heller myotomy with adequate length and distally across the gastroesophageal junction. Our patient had an uncomplicated post-operative course, and at follow-up has continued to show improvements in her dysphagia and her quality of life.
贲门失弛缓症是一种罕见的食管动力障碍性疾病,其特征为食管下括约肌(LES)松弛不完全、LES张力增加以及食管蠕动消失。贲门失弛缓症的治疗方法包括气囊扩张术(PD)、向LES注射肉毒杆菌毒素A(BTA)、经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)以及腹腔镜Heller肌切开术(LHM)。内脏反位是一种罕见的先天性疾病,其中腹部和胸部器官在矢状面的位置与正常位置呈镜像。我们在此报告一例II型贲门失弛缓症患者,该患者在肝脏孤立性侧位异常位于腹部左侧的情况下接受了LHM和Toupet胃底折叠术。单器官先天性侧化缺陷极为罕见,文献中仅有少数病例报告和病例系列描述。更为罕见的情况是孤立性器官内脏反位。在前肠中,大多数孤立性内脏反位的报告仅限于孤立性胃内脏反位,即右位胃。大多数孤立性肝脏位置异常描述为位置不明确,位于中线,通常与多脾症相关。我们的患者除肝脏孤立性内脏反位外,前肠结构(包括胃、脾、胰腺和十二指肠)位置正常。由于解剖结构异常,进行LHM颇具挑战性。我们描述了检查方法和术中注意事项。通过移位较大的左肝叶,我们能够安全地完成标准的Heller肌切开术,肌切开长度足够且向远端跨过胃食管交界处。我们的患者术后过程顺利,随访时吞咽困难和生活质量持续改善。