Ugwu Chidiebere Emmanuel, Igbokwe Adaolisa Milicent, Suru Stephen Monday, Dike Chijioke Charles, Mbachu Amara Nancy, Maduka Hugh Cliford Chima
Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Toxicol Rep. 2024 May 26;12:614-621. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.05.009. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Heavy metal (HM) contamination above permissible limits poses a risk to human health. The study evaluated the health risk (cancer and non-cancer) of exposure to copper (Cu) and steel factory wastes on water samples near the factory based on the hazard quotient (HQ) derived from the HM concentrations. Triplicate water samples were collected by purposive sampling and their concentrations of selected HMs [Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cd] were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The health risks were determined from the concentrations of HMs in water samples ingested orally. The range concentrations were [Fe, 0.074-0.178], [Pb, 0.011-0.013], [Cd, 0.005-0.02], and [Mn, 0.023-0.045] which were above the reference values set by World Health Organization. The contribution of the individual metal to the chronic daily intake (CDI) in the three samples are Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu. In the three different samples, the CDI for Mg was highest in the factory borehole [0.15523]. Comparing the CDI values from the three different collection points, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe were highest from the factory effluent. Mg contributed the highest HQ [5.46307] in all the water samples, followed by Pb [3.87618] and then Cd[2.64009], which reflect their significantly high hazard indices observed. The incremental life cancer risk [ILCR] via ingestion showed that the cancer risk resulting from Cd in the different sources demands attention. The factory effluent recorded the highest mean levels of the metals analyzed, which were higher than the permissible limits. Magnesium contributed the highest non-cancer risk, while Cd had the highest cancer risk.
超出允许限度的重金属（HM）污染对人类健康构成风险。本研究基于从HM浓度得出的危害商数（HQ），评估了工厂附近水样中接触铜（Cu）和钢铁厂废物对健康的风险（癌症和非癌症风险）。通过目的抽样采集了三份重复水样，并采用原子吸收光谱法分析了其中选定的重金属[铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、锰（Mn）、镁（Mg）、铁（Fe）、镉（Cd）]的浓度。通过口服摄入水样中重金属的浓度来确定健康风险。各重金属的浓度范围为[铁（Fe），0.074 - 0.178]、[铅（Pb），0.011 - 0.013]、[镉（Cd），0.005 - 0.02]和[锰（Mn），0.023 - 0.045]，均高于世界卫生组织设定的参考值。三种水样中各金属对慢性每日摄入量（CDI）的贡献为镁（Mg）>铁（Fe）>锰（Mn）>锌（Zn）>镉（Cd）>铅（Pb）>铜（Cu）。在三个不同的水样中，工厂钻孔水样中镁的CDI最高[0.15523]。比较三个不同采集点的CDI值，工厂废水样中铜、铅、锌和铁的CDI最高。在所有水样中，镁的HQ最高[5.46307]，其次是铅[3.87618]，然后是镉[2.64009]，这反映出它们具有显著较高的危害指数。通过摄入途径的增量终生癌症风险（ILCR）表明，不同来源中镉导致的癌症风险值得关注。工厂废水样中所分析金属的平均含量最高，高于允许限度。镁造成的非癌症风险最高，而镉的癌症风险最高。
