Kanno Atsuhiro, Suzuki Kohei, Narai Daiki, Aihara Akinobu, Ito Takehito, Ohara Takahiro, Sumitomo Kazuhiro, Furukawa Katsutoshi
Department of Community and General Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Wakabayashi Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
Division of Geriatric and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 May 30;11:1381555. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1381555. eCollection 2024.
Non-typhoidal (NTS) rarely causes bacteremia and subsequent focal infections as an extraintestinal complication, even in immunocompetent adults. A 25-year-old man was hospitalized for several days with difficulty moving due to fever, acute buttock pain, and shivering. He had no recent or current respiratory symptoms and no clear gastrointestinal symptoms. Physical examination revealed mild redness around the left buttock and difficulty raising the left lower extremity due to pain, in addition to which blood tests showed high levels of inflammatory markers. His clinical course and laboratory findings suggested sepsis, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high-intensity area in the left piriformis muscle on diffusion-weighted imaging; therefore, acute piriformis pyomyositis was strongly suggested. Cephazolin was started upon hospitalization; however, blood and stool cultures proved positive for NTS, and the antibiotics were changed to ceftriaxone. Follow-up MRI showed a signal in the left piriformis muscle and newly developed left pyogenic sacroiliitis. On the 25th hospital day, a colonoscopy was performed to identify the portal of entry for bacteremia, which revealed a longitudinal ulcer in the sigmoid colon in the healing process. His buttock pain gradually improved, and the antibiotics were switched to oral levofloxacin, which enabled him to continue treatment in an outpatient setting. Finally, the patient completed seven weeks of antimicrobial therapy and returned to daily life without leaving any residual disability. Invasive NTS infection due to bacteremia is rare among immunocompetent adults. Piriformis pyomyositis and subsequent pyogenic sacroiliitis should be added to the differential diagnosis of acute febrile buttock pain. In the case of NTS bacteremia, the entry site must be identified for source control. Additionally, the background of the host, especially in such an immunocompetent case, needs to be clarified; therefore, the patient should be closely examined.
非伤寒沙门氏菌(NTS)即使在免疫功能正常的成年人中,作为肠外并发症也很少引起菌血症及随后的局灶性感染。一名25岁男性因发热、急性臀部疼痛和寒战导致行动困难而住院数日。他近期及当前均无呼吸道症状,也无明确的胃肠道症状。体格检查发现左臀部周围轻度发红,因疼痛导致左下肢抬起困难,此外血液检查显示炎症标志物水平升高。他的临床病程和实验室检查结果提示为脓毒症,磁共振成像显示在扩散加权成像上左梨状肌有高强度区域;因此,强烈提示为急性梨状肌脓性肌炎。住院后开始使用头孢唑林;然而,血液和粪便培养证实NTS阳性,抗生素改为头孢曲松。随访磁共振成像显示左梨状肌有信号,且新出现了左化脓性骶髂关节炎。在住院第25天,进行了结肠镜检查以确定菌血症的入口,结果发现乙状结肠有一个处于愈合过程的纵行溃疡。他的臀部疼痛逐渐改善,抗生素改为口服左氧氟沙星,这使他能够在门诊继续治疗。最后,患者完成了七周的抗菌治疗,恢复了日常生活,没有留下任何残疾。在免疫功能正常的成年人中,因菌血症导致的侵袭性NTS感染很少见。梨状肌脓性肌炎及随后的化脓性骶髂关节炎应列入急性发热性臀部疼痛的鉴别诊断中。对于NTS菌血症病例,必须确定入口部位以进行源头控制。此外,需要明确宿主的背景情况,尤其是在这种免疫功能正常的病例中;因此,应对患者进行密切检查。