Ghouri Hafsa, Habib Ashna, Nazir Zainab, Lohana Nimerta, Akilimali Aymar
Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
Front Allergy. 2024 May 28;5:1409342. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1409342. eCollection 2024.
The frequency of food allergies varies between 2% and 10%, depending on characteristics including age, region, race, and method of diagnosis self-reported by patients or oral food challenges (OFCs). The most common allergies reported are tree nuts (1.2%), milk (1.9%), peanuts (2.2%), and shellfish (1.3%). Omalizumab injection has now been approved by the FDA for the treatment of immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies in specific adults and children aged one year or older. This medication reduces the risk of allergic reactions (Type I), which can include anaphylaxis, when an individual accidentally encounters one or more food allergens. Omalizumab functions by binding to IgE and altering IgE-mediated pathways, which lessens IgE's capacity to cause allergic reactions. Promising outcomes from clinical trials and case studies include lowered anaphylactic risk and enhanced tolerance to allergens. Omalizumab, however, may have adverse effects; thus, close observation is required. Overall, this review sheds light on the efficacy, safety, and clinical implications of omalizumab, highlighting its potential as a useful intervention for IgE-mediated food allergies.
食物过敏的发生率在2%至10%之间，具体取决于年龄、地区、种族以及患者自我报告的诊断方法或口服食物激发试验（OFC）等特征。报告的最常见过敏原有坚果（1.2%）、牛奶（1.9%）、花生（2.2%）和贝类（1.3%）。奥马珠单抗注射剂现已获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准，用于治疗特定的1岁及以上成人和儿童的免疫球蛋白E介导的食物过敏。当个体意外接触一种或多种食物过敏原时，这种药物可降低过敏反应（I型）的风险，过敏反应可能包括过敏症。奥马珠单抗通过与IgE结合并改变IgE介导的途径发挥作用，从而降低IgE引起过敏反应的能力。临床试验和案例研究的良好结果包括降低过敏症风险和提高对过敏原的耐受性。然而，奥马珠单抗可能有不良反应；因此，需要密切观察。总体而言，本综述阐明了奥马珠单抗的疗效、安全性和临床意义，突出了其作为IgE介导的食物过敏有用干预措施的潜力。
