Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
Department for Molecular und Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
Euro Surveill. 2024 Jun;29(24). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.24.2300665.
BackgroundAwareness of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E raised in recent years led to the mandatory testing of blood donations in some European countries for hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA. However, little is known about the epidemiology of HEV infections.AimTo and describe and analyse the epidemiology of HEV infections in blood donors in Germany.MethodsData from routine testing of therapeutic blood products donated between January 2015 and December 2022 at the Uni.Blutspendedienst OWL were analysed at the Institute of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia. A total of 731,630 allogenic blood donations from 119,610 individual blood donors were tested for HEV RNA in minipools of 96 samples. The HEV RNA-positive donations were analysed for the presence of anti-HEV IgM and IgG. The HEV strains were genotyped and various clinical liver-specific parameters were determined.ResultsA total of 497 HEV-positive blood donations were identified, resulting in a yearly incidence of 1:1,474, from which 78.4% of the donations were RNA-only positive. Increased alanine aminotransferase activity was determined in 26.6% of HEV RNA-positive donors and was associated with the detection of IgG antibodies (1.2% anti-HEV IgM-positive, 11.9% anti-HEV IgM- and IgG-positive and 8.5% anti-HEV IgG-positive). An average incidence of 0.084-0.083% HEV RNA-positive donations in June and July in all years was observed, and a higher proportion of HEV RNA-positive men compared with women. All isolated HEV sequences corresponded to genotype 3.ConclusionOur results underline the necessity of HEV RNA screening in blood donations.
背景
近年来，人们对输血传播性戊型肝炎的认识有所提高，导致一些欧洲国家强制对血液捐献者进行戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV) RNA 检测。然而，对于 HEV 感染的流行病学知之甚少。
目的
描述和分析德国献血者中 HEV 感染的流行病学。
方法
在北莱茵-威斯特法伦州心脏与糖尿病中心的实验与输血医学研究所，对 2015 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月期间 Uni.Blutspendedienst OWL 常规检测的治疗性血液制品进行了数据分析。对 119610 名个体献血者的 731630 份异体血液进行了 HEV RNA 检测，将 96 份样本组合成一个微池进行检测。对 HEV RNA 阳性的捐献物进行抗 HEV IgM 和 IgG 分析。对 HEV 株进行基因分型，并确定各种临床肝脏特异性参数。
结果
共发现 497 份 HEV 阳性血液捐献物，每年的发病率为 1:1474，其中 78.4%的捐献物仅为 RNA 阳性。26.6%的 HEV RNA 阳性供体的丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性升高，与 IgG 抗体的检测相关（1.2%抗 HEV IgM 阳性，11.9%抗 HEV IgM 和 IgG 阳性，8.5%抗 HEV IgG 阳性）。在所有年份的 6 月和 7 月，平均有 0.084-0.083%的 HEV RNA 阳性捐献物，并且男性的 HEV RNA 阳性比例高于女性。所有分离的 HEV 序列均对应基因型 3。
结论
我们的研究结果强调了血液捐献中进行 HEV RNA 筛查的必要性。
