Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Jun 14;51(1):741. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09675-3.
Gastrointestinal cancer is the most fatal cancer worldwide. The etiology of gastrointestinal cancer has yet to be fully characterized. Alcohol consumption, obesity, tobacco, Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric ulcer, colon polyps and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are among the several risks factors for gastrointestinal cancers. Phycocyanin which is abundant in Spirulina. Phycocyanin, a member of phycobiliprotein family with intense blue color, is an anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compound. Evidence exists supporting that phycocyanin has antitumor effects, exerting its pharmacological effects by targeting a variety of cellular and molecular processes, i.e., apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, migration and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Phycocyanin has also been applied in treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders such as, gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis and fatty liver that is known as a risk factor for progression to cancer. Herein, we summarize various cellular and molecular pathways that are affected by phycocyanin, its efficacy upon combined drug treatment, and the potential for nanotechnology in its gastrointestinal cancer therapy.
胃肠道癌是全球最致命的癌症。胃肠道癌的病因尚未完全确定。饮酒、肥胖、烟草、幽门螺杆菌和胃肠道疾病，包括胃食管反流病、胃溃疡、结肠息肉和非酒精性脂肪肝，都是胃肠道癌症的几个危险因素。螺旋藻中富含藻蓝蛋白。藻蓝蛋白是藻胆蛋白家族的一员，颜色鲜艳，呈深蓝色，具有降血糖、神经保护、抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌作用。有证据表明藻蓝蛋白具有抗肿瘤作用，通过靶向多种细胞和分子过程发挥其药理作用，如细胞凋亡、细胞周期停滞、迁移和 Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路。藻蓝蛋白还已应用于治疗几种胃肠道疾病，如胃溃疡、溃疡性结肠炎和脂肪肝，脂肪肝是癌症进展的危险因素。本文总结了藻蓝蛋白影响的各种细胞和分子途径、与联合药物治疗的疗效以及纳米技术在胃肠道癌症治疗中的应用潜力。
