Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2024 Jun 3;65(6):23. doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.23.
To explore differences in the relationship between gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) percentile and ocular geometry between males and females.
The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study involved a prospective ophthalmic examination of adults, aged 18 to 52 years, who were born preterm or at term, in Germany. The associations between GA and BW percentile on the main outcome measures were evaluated by uni- and multivariable linear regression analyses. The main outcome measures were central corneal thickness, corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, posterior segment length, and central foveal thickness. Potential sex-specific differences and an effect modification by sex were analyzed.
This study involved 438 participants (245 females, 193 males) with an average age of 28.6 ± 8.7 years. In female participants, central foveal thickness was negatively associated with a higher GA (B = -2.99; P < 0.001). Similarly, male participants also demonstrated a negative association between central foveal thickness and GA (B = -4.27; P < 0.001). The multivariable model with effect modification revealed that the central foveal thickness was thicker with lower GA. There was an association between the effect modification of GA with sex and central foveal thickness, demonstrating a more pronounced effect of GA on central foveal thickness in male participants (B = 1.29; P = 0.04).
This study identified a sex-specific correlation between lower GA and thicker central foveal thickness, suggesting differences in the developmental trajectory of this biometric parameter concerning GA. A thicker central foveal thickness might affect the visual acuity of individuals born preterm in adulthood, with a more pronounced impact in males and a potential predisposition to age-related diseases later in life. Sex did not influence the association of GA or BW percentile to other ocular geometric parameters.
探讨男性和女性之间，胎龄（GA）和出生体重（BW）百分位与眼球几何形状之间关系的差异。
德国的古腾堡早产儿眼病研究是一项对成年早产儿或足月产者（年龄 18 至 52 岁）前瞻性眼科检查的研究。通过单变量和多变量线性回归分析评估主要结局指标 GA 和 BW 百分位之间的关系。主要结局指标包括中央角膜厚度、角膜半径、前房深度、晶状体厚度、后节长度和中央凹厚度。分析了潜在的性别特异性差异和性别对其的修饰作用。
本研究共纳入 438 名参与者（245 名女性，193 名男性），平均年龄为 28.6±8.7 岁。在女性参与者中，中央凹厚度与较高的 GA 呈负相关（B=-2.99；P<0.001）。同样，男性参与者的中央凹厚度与 GA 也呈负相关（B=-4.27；P<0.001）。多变量模型的效应修饰显示，GA 越低，中央凹厚度越大。GA 与性别对中央凹厚度的效应修饰存在关联，表明男性参与者的 GA 对中央凹厚度的影响更为显著（B=1.29；P=0.04）。
本研究发现，GA 越低与中央凹厚度越厚之间存在性别特异性相关性，提示该生物测量参数在 GA 方面的发育轨迹存在差异。中央凹厚度增加可能会影响成年期早产儿的视力，男性的影响更为显著，并且可能会增加他们在以后的生活中患与年龄相关疾病的风险。性别并不影响 GA 或 BW 百分位与其他眼球几何参数之间的关联。
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