Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Fungal Biol. 2024 Jun;128(4):1885-1897. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.05.005. Epub 2024 May 22.
Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Byssochlamys sp. on apples and pears. Most studies have been focused on Penicillium expansum, a common postharvest pathogen, but little is known about the characteristics of Penicillium paneum. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of temperature, pH, and relative humidity (RH) on the growth of P. paneum OM1, which was isolated from pears, and its patulin production. The fungal strain showed the highest growth rate at 25 °C and pH 4.5 on pear puree agar medium (PPAM) under 97 % RH, while it produced the highest amount of patulin at 20 °C and pH 4.5 on PPAM under 97 % RH. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis of relative expression levels of 5 patulin biosynthetic genes (patA, patE, patK, patL, and patN) in P. paneum OM1 exhibited that the expression of the 4 patulin biosynthetic genes except patL was up-regulated in YES medium (patulin conducive), while it was not in PDB medium (patulin non-conducive). Our data demonstrated that the 3 major environmental parameters had significant impact on the growth of P. paneum OM1 and its patulin production. These results could be exploited to prevent patulin contamination by P. paneum OM1 during pear storage.
棒曲霉素是由苹果和梨上的几种青霉属、曲霉属和外瓶霉属产生的一种真菌毒素。大多数研究都集中在展青霉素上，它是一种常见的采后病原体，但对 paneum 青霉的特性知之甚少。在本研究中，我们评估了温度、pH 值和相对湿度 (RH) 对从梨中分离出的 paneum 青霉 OM1 生长及其棒曲霉素产生的影响。在 97%RH 下，该真菌菌株在 25°C 和 pH 值 4.5 的梨纯琼脂培养基 (PPAM) 上生长最快，而在 20°C 和 pH 值 4.5 的 PPAM 上产生的棒曲霉素最多。此外，对 P. paneum OM1 中 5 个棒曲霉素生物合成基因（patA、patE、patK、patL 和 patN）相对表达水平的 RT-qPCR 分析表明，除 patL 外的 4 个棒曲霉素生物合成基因在 YES 培养基（棒曲霉素促进）中上调表达，而在 PDB 培养基（棒曲霉素非促进）中则没有。我们的数据表明，这 3 个主要环境参数对 P. paneum OM1 的生长及其棒曲霉素的产生有显著影响。这些结果可用于防止 P. paneum OM1 在梨贮藏过程中污染棒曲霉素。
