Departamento de Medicina, HU Jerez de la Frontera, AGS Norte de Cádiz, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
UGC Laboratorio Análisis Clínicos, HU la Línea de la Concepción, AGS Campo de Gibraltar Este, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2024 Aug-Sep;224(7):457-465. doi: 10.1016/j.rceng.2024.06.008. Epub 2024 Jun 13.
Anemia is a common comorbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly in older adults. However, there is a lack of data on the prevalence and the characteristics of anemia in this population in Spain.
To describe the prevalence and the characteristics of anemia in patients with DM aged 50 or older (PDM50) in a healthcare district in the province of Cádiz.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted that included outpatient's laboratory tests (OLT) performed over 30 months at PDM50.
The prevalence of anemia was 29.9% (95% CI: 28.7%-31.1%), predominating in women (33.3% vs 26.7%; P < 0.01), in older people stratified by decades (61.7% in 9th decade vs 12% in 5th decade; P < 0.01), and in those with kidney disease (44.7% vs 28%; P < 0.01). Most cases were mild (68.3%), normocytic (78.7%), and hypochromic (52%). Similarly, moderate-to-severe anemia was more frequent in women (39% vs 23%), their prevalence increased with age (45% in the 9th decade vs 24% in the 5th decade), and with the progression of kidney damage, either measured by a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (49% in G4 vs 25% in G1), or the presence of albuminuria (P < 0.01). No association was found between DM control, based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and anemia in either sex (P = 0.887).
This study describes a high prevalence of anemia in PDM50, particularly in women, in the most advantageous people and in the presence of kidney disease, even in early stages, highlighting the clinical importance of this coexistence.
贫血是糖尿病（DM）患者的常见合并症，尤其是老年人。然而，西班牙针对该人群贫血的患病率和特征缺乏数据。
描述卡迪斯省一个医疗保健区 50 岁及以上的糖尿病患者（PDM50）中贫血的患病率和特征。
进行了一项回顾性横断面研究，纳入了 30 个月内 PDM50 的门诊实验室检测（OLT）。
贫血的患病率为 29.9%（95%CI：28.7%-31.1%），在女性中更为常见（33.3%比 26.7%；P<0.01），在按十年分层的老年人中更为常见（第 9 个十年为 61.7%，第 5 个十年为 12%；P<0.01），在患有肾脏疾病的患者中更为常见（44.7%比 28%；P<0.01）。大多数病例为轻度贫血（68.3%）、正细胞性贫血（78.7%）和低色素性贫血（52%）。同样，女性中中重度贫血更为常见（39%比 23%），其患病率随年龄增加而增加（第 9 个十年为 45%，第 5 个十年为 24%），且随着肾小球滤过率（GFR）下降（G4 组为 49%，G1 组为 25%）或白蛋白尿的出现（P<0.01），贫血的患病率也随之增加。在男女两性中，根据糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）来评估 DM 控制情况与贫血均无相关性（P=0.887）。
本研究描述了 PDM50 中贫血的高患病率，特别是在女性、最有利的人群和存在肾脏疾病的患者中，甚至在早期阶段也是如此，这突出了这种共存的临床重要性。
