Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Sep 20;944:173605. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173605. Epub 2024 Jun 13.
The utilization of carbon dots (CDs) in agriculture to enhance plant growth has gained significant attention, but the data remains fractionated. Systematically integrating existing data is needed to identify the factors driving the interactions between CDs and plants and strategically guide future research. Articles reporting on CDs and their effects on plants were searched based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the collection of 71 articles comprising a total of 2564 data points. The meta-analysis reveals that the soil and foliar application of red-emitting bio-derived CDs at a low concentration (<10 ppm) leads to the most beneficial effects on plant growth. Random forest and gradient boosting algorithms revealed that the size and dose of CDs were important factors in predicting plant responses across multiple aspects (CDs properties, plant properties, environmental factors, and experimental conditions). Specifically, smaller sizes are more favorable to growth indicators (GI) below 6 nm, nutrient and quality (NuQ) at 3-6 nm, photosynthesis (PSN) below 7 nm, and antioxidant responses (AR) below 5 nm. Overall, our analysis of existing data suggests that CDs applications can significantly improve plant responses (GI, NuQ, PSN, and AR) by 10-39 %. To unlock the full potential of CDs, customized synthesis techniques should be employed to meet the specific requirements of different crops and climate condition. For example, we recommend the synthesis of small CDs (<7 nm) with emission peak values falling within the range of 405-475 and 610-670 nm to enhance plant growth. The global prediction of plant responses to CDs application in future scenarios have shown significant improvements ranging from 17 to 58 %, suggesting that CDs have widespread applicability. This novel understanding of the impact of CDs on plant response provides valuable insights for optimizing the application of these nanomaterials in agriculture.
利用碳点 (CDs) 来促进植物生长在农业中受到了广泛关注，但相关数据仍然较为分散。为了确定驱动 CDs 与植物相互作用的因素，并为未来的研究提供战略指导，有必要对现有数据进行系统整合。根据纳入和排除标准，搜索了报道 CDs 及其对植物影响的文章，共收集了 71 篇文章，总计 2564 个数据点。荟萃分析表明，低浓度 (<10 ppm) 的红色生物衍生 CDs 进行土壤和叶面施用对植物生长最有益。随机森林和梯度提升算法揭示了 CDs 的大小和剂量是预测多种方面植物反应的重要因素（CDs 特性、植物特性、环境因素和实验条件）。具体来说，在 6nm 以下，较小的尺寸更有利于生长指标 (GI)；在 3-6nm 时，有利于营养和品质 (NuQ)；在 7nm 以下，有利于光合作用 (PSN)；在 5nm 以下，有利于抗氧化反应 (AR)。总体而言，我们对现有数据的分析表明，通过应用 CDs 可以使植物反应（GI、NuQ、PSN 和 AR）提高 10-39%。为了充分发挥 CDs 的潜力，应采用定制的合成技术来满足不同作物和气候条件的具体要求。例如，我们建议合成发射峰在 405-475nm 和 610-670nm 范围内、尺寸小于 7nm 的 CDs，以促进植物生长。未来情景下全球对 CDs 应用于植物反应的预测显示，有 17-58%的显著改善，这表明 CDs 具有广泛的适用性。这项关于 CDs 对植物反应影响的新认识为优化这些纳米材料在农业中的应用提供了有价值的见解。
