Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Center for Agroveterinary Sciences (CAV), Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, 2090 Luiz de Camões Ave, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil; University Center Barriga Verde (UNIBAVE), 601 Pe. João Leonir Dall'Alba St, Orleans, SC 88870-000, Brazil.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Carlos Chagas Institute, 3775 Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader St, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2024 Jul;52:101054. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101054. Epub 2024 Jun 1.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) has long been considered an endemic disease in the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil, while the southern region remains non-endemic. However, in recent years, several cases of CVL have been reported in southern states. The objective of this work was to determine the seroprevalence of CVL in dogs in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, through immunochromatographic tests (DPP®) and ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and its correlation with environmental characteristics through georeferencing. Blood samples from dogs (n = 1227) were collected in six mesoregions of the state and evaluated by the rapid test (DPP®). Positive samples were sent to Lacen (Central Public Health Laboratory) in Santa Catarina to be tested using ELISA. Information obtained from the epidemiological questionnaire was subjected to statistical analysis (Chi-square and Student's t-test; P < 0.05) to verify the correlation between serology and the analyzed variables. The locations (GPS) of the samples were used for georeferencing and creating heatmaps (Kernel Method). Four animals that died from CVL were necropsied and organ samples were collected for molecular analysis (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and histopathology (HE). Of the 1227 dogs analyzed, 22 (1.8%) were reactive in the DPP® and of these, 7 (0.6%) were also positive in the ELISA. A correlation (P < 0.01) was observed between positive serology and region, environment, access to the street, and clinical signs. The positive cases were concentrated in the eastern region of the state, in low-altitude areas with average rainfall and higher average temperatures, and in more populated areas close to forest fragments. PCR, HE, and immunohistochemistry, along with serology, have proven to be efficient for characterizing positive cases.
犬内脏利什曼病（CVL）长期以来被认为是巴西北部和东北部地区的地方病，而南部地区则是非地方性的。然而，近年来，南部各州报告了几例 CVL。本研究的目的是通过免疫层析试验（DPP®）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测巴西圣卡塔琳娜州犬内脏利什曼病的血清流行率，并通过地理定位确定其与环境特征的相关性。从该州六个中地区采集了 1227 只犬的血液样本，并通过快速检测（DPP®）进行评估。阳性样本被送往圣卡塔琳娜州的 Lacen（中央公共卫生实验室），使用 ELISA 进行检测。从流行病学问卷中获得的信息经过统计分析（卡方检验和学生 t 检验；P<0.05），以验证血清学与分析变量之间的相关性。使用样本的位置（GPS）进行地理定位并创建热图（核方法）。对 4 只死于 CVL 的动物进行剖检，并采集器官样本进行分子分析（PCR）、免疫组织化学和组织病理学（HE）。在分析的 1227 只犬中，有 22 只（1.8%）在 DPP®中呈阳性反应，其中 7 只（0.6%）在 ELISA 中也呈阳性反应。阳性血清学与地区、环境、与街道的接触以及临床症状之间存在相关性（P<0.01）。阳性病例集中在该州的东部地区，位于海拔较低、降雨量平均且平均气温较高的地区，以及靠近森林碎片的人口较多的地区。PCR、HE 和免疫组织化学与血清学一起，已被证明可有效地用于表征阳性病例。
