Department of Animal Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2024 Jul;52:101042. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101042. Epub 2024 May 21.
Giardiasis is a small intestinal disease caused by the zoonotic parasite, Giardia duodenalis. This study presents the molecular findings of G. duodenalis infection in companion dogs, domestic livestock and wildlife in the Northern Jordan Basin, Israel. Identification of G. duodenalis was accomplished by nested PCR (nPCR) targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Samples were collected from water (five samples from four sources of which one was recycled water), as well as feces from wolves (Canis lupus) (n = 34), jackals (Canis aureus) (n = 24), wild boars (Sus scrofa) (n = 40), cattle (Bos taurus) (n = 40), dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) (n = 37) and nutria (Mayocastor coypus) (n = 100). All positive samples were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was drawn using the Bayesian Inference (BI) algorithm. Differences in G. duodenalis prevalence between the different hosts were analyzed by Pearson's chi-square (p < 0.05). Of the total 275 fecal samples, 36 were positive for G. duodenalis (13%). Frequency rates among different animal species was highest in wolves (32.3%), whilst rates in wild boars (22.5%), dogs (16.2%), cattle (12.5%) and jackals (4.2%), were observed to be significantly lower (p < 0.001). Three out of 5 recycled water (RW) samples were G. duodenalis positive. Three clusters with high posterior probabilities (PP) were found in the BI: Cluster 1: samples from wolves, wild boars, water and cattle together with database sequences of assemblages A, B and F, Cluster 2: samples from dogs, nutria and a jackal with sequences from assemblage D and Cluster 3: samples from cattle, wild boars, wolves and dogs with sequences from assemblage C and D. We suggest that wolves serve as reservoirs of G. duodenalis in this region. The finding of Giardia in RW suggests that this vehicle may further contaminate crops intended for human consumption as this water source is used for agricultural irrigation.
贾第虫病是一种由动物源寄生虫贾第虫引起的小肠疾病。本研究介绍了在以色列北部约旦流域的伴侣犬、家畜和野生动物中，贾第虫感染的分子发现。通过针对 18S rRNA 基因的巢式 PCR（nPCR）鉴定贾第虫。从水（来自四个来源的五个样本，其中一个是再生水）以及狼（Canis lupus）（n=34）、胡狼（Canis aureus）（n=24）、野猪（Sus scrofa）（n=40）、牛（Bos taurus）（n=40）、犬（Canis lupus familiaris）（n=37）和海狸鼠（Mayocastor coypus）（n=100）的粪便中采集样本。所有阳性样本均进行测序，并使用贝叶斯推断（BI）算法绘制系统发育树。使用 Pearson's chi-square（p<0.05）分析不同宿主中贾第虫的流行率差异。在总共 275 份粪便样本中，有 36 份检测到贾第虫阳性（13%）。不同动物物种的频率最高的是狼（32.3%），而野猪（22.5%）、犬（16.2%）、牛（12.5%）和胡狼（4.2%）的感染率明显较低（p<0.001）。5 个再生水（RW）样本中有 3 个为贾第虫阳性。在 BI 中发现了 3 个具有高后验概率（PP）的聚类：聚类 1：来自狼、野猪、水和牛的样本，以及集合 A、B 和 F 的数据库序列，聚类 2：来自犬、海狸鼠和胡狼的样本，以及来自集合 D 的序列，聚类 3：来自牛、野猪、狼和犬的样本，以及来自集合 C 和 D 的序列。我们认为狼是该地区贾第虫的储存宿主。在 RW 中发现贾第虫表明，这种水可能会进一步污染用于人类食用的作物，因为这种水源用于农业灌溉。
