尼日利亚男性尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯与精子质量的关联：一项病例对照研究。
Association Between Urinary Parabens and Sperm Quality in Nigerian Men: A Case-Control Study.
作者信息
Okonofua Friday Ebhodaghe, Ntoimo Lorretta Favour Chizomam, Unuabonah Emmanuel, Msagati Titus Alfred Makudali, Ekwo Makuachukwu Chioma, Ayodeji Oladiran Frederick, Aziken Michael Emefiele, Maduako Kenneth Toby, Onoh Vivian Ifunanya, Omonkhua Akhere, Ohenhen Victor, Olafusi Celestina Oluwaseun, Alfred Moses O
机构信息
Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.
出版信息
Int J Gen Med. 2024 Jun 13;17:2767-2779. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S461367. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
Parabens, which are chemicals used as preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, have been reported to be associated with low sperm quality in animal and human models. Despite the high exposure of men to paraben-containing products in Nigeria, there are no known studies that investigate the association of parabens with sperm quality in the country.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association of urinary levels of metabolites of parabens with sperm count and quality.
DESIGN/SETTING: A multicenter case-control study among fertile and infertile men in five hospitals in southern Nigeria. A total of 136 men diagnosed with male infertility (cases) were compared with 154 controls with normal fertility. Urinary levels of parabens (ethyl-paraben, methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben) were measured using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, while semen analysis and hormone assays were carried out using World Health Organization standards and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Data were analyzed with non-parametric statistics and non-parametric linear regression.
RESULTS
The results showed high levels of parabens in both cases and controls. However, there was no statistically significant difference in urinary levels of ethyl-paraben, methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben between cases and controls. In contrast, propylparaben had a decreasing association with total motility in both groups, but the effect was only statistically significant in the case of male infertility. The results of the regression analysis showed that a unit increase in propylparaben significantly decreased total motility in the cases (infertile men). Similarly, a unit increase in propylparaben decreased morphology significantly in the unadjusted model for infertile men. Only serum testosterone showed an insignificant correlation with urinary parabens.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that urinary parabens are associated with features of poor sperm quality - motility, morphology, and volume. Measures to reduce exposure of men to agents containing parabens in Nigeria may reduce the prevalence of male infertility in the country.
背景
对羟基苯甲酸酯是用于化妆品和药品中的防腐剂，在动物和人体模型中，已有报道称其与精子质量低下有关。尽管尼日利亚男性大量接触含对羟基苯甲酸酯的产品，但该国尚无关于对羟基苯甲酸酯与精子质量关联的研究。
目的
确定对羟基苯甲酸酯代谢物的尿液水平与精子数量和质量之间的关联。
设计/地点：在尼日利亚南部五家医院对有生育能力和无生育能力的男性进行的多中心病例对照研究。将136名被诊断为男性不育的男性（病例组）与154名生育能力正常的对照组进行比较。采用液相色谱质谱法测定尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯（对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯）的水平，而精液分析和激素检测分别采用世界卫生组织标准和放射免疫分析法进行。数据采用非参数统计和非参数线性回归分析。
结果
结果显示病例组和对照组中对羟基苯甲酸酯水平都很高。然而，病例组和对照组之间对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的尿液水平没有统计学上的显著差异。相比之下，对羟基苯甲酸丙酯与两组的总活力均呈负相关，但这种影响仅在男性不育病例中具有统计学意义。回归分析结果表明，对羟基苯甲酸丙酯水平每增加一个单位，病例组（不育男性）的总活力显著降低。同样，在不育男性的未调整模型中，对羟基苯甲酸丙酯水平每增加一个单位，精子形态显著降低。只有血清睾酮与尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯的相关性不显著。
结论
我们得出结论，尿液中的对羟基苯甲酸酯与精子质量差的特征——活力、形态和体积有关。在尼日利亚，采取措施减少男性接触含对羟基苯甲酸酯的制剂可能会降低该国男性不育的患病率。
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