开发一个聊天机器人以支持神经发育障碍个体:教程。

Developing a Chatbot to Support Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Tutorial.

机构信息

Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

出版信息

J Med Internet Res. 2024 Jun 18;26:e50182. doi: 10.2196/50182.

Abstract

Families of individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities or differences (NDDs) often struggle to find reliable health information on the web. NDDs encompass various conditions affecting up to 14% of children in high-income countries, and most individuals present with complex phenotypes and related conditions. It is challenging for their families to develop literacy solely by searching information on the internet. While in-person coaching can enhance care, it is only available to a minority of those with NDDs. Chatbots, or computer programs that simulate conversation, have emerged in the commercial sector as useful tools for answering questions, but their use in health care remains limited. To address this challenge, the researchers developed a chatbot named CAMI (Coaching Assistant for Medical/Health Information) that can provide information about trusted resources covering core knowledge and services relevant to families of individuals with NDDs. The chatbot was developed, in collaboration with individuals with lived experience, to provide information about trusted resources covering core knowledge and services that may be of interest. The developers used the Django framework (Django Software Foundation) for the development and used a knowledge graph to depict the key entities in NDDs and their relationships to allow the chatbot to suggest web resources that may be related to the user queries. To identify NDD domain-specific entities from user input, a combination of standard sources (the Unified Medical Language System) and other entities were used which were identified by health professionals as well as collaborators. Although most entities were identified in the text, some were not captured in the system and therefore went undetected. Nonetheless, the chatbot was able to provide resources addressing most user queries related to NDDs. The researchers found that enriching the vocabulary with synonyms and lay language terms for specific subdomains enhanced entity detection. By using a data set of numerous individuals with NDDs, the researchers developed a knowledge graph that established meaningful connections between entities, allowing the chatbot to present related symptoms, diagnoses, and resources. To the researchers' knowledge, CAMI is the first chatbot to provide resources related to NDDs. Our work highlighted the importance of engaging end users to supplement standard generic ontologies to named entities for language recognition. It also demonstrates that complex medical and health-related information can be integrated using knowledge graphs and leveraging existing large datasets. This has multiple implications: generalizability to other health domains as well as reducing the need for experts and optimizing their input while keeping health care professionals in the loop. The researchers' work also shows how health and computer science domains need to collaborate to achieve the granularity needed to make chatbots truly useful and impactful.

摘要

患有神经发育障碍或差异(NDD)的个体的家庭通常难以在网上找到可靠的健康信息。NDD 涵盖了影响高收入国家多达 14%的儿童的各种疾病,大多数个体表现出复杂的表型和相关疾病。他们的家庭仅通过在互联网上搜索信息来提高读写能力是具有挑战性的。虽然面对面辅导可以增强护理效果,但只有少数 NDD 患者可以获得这种辅导。聊天机器人,或模拟对话的计算机程序,已经在商业领域作为回答问题的有用工具出现,但它们在医疗保健中的应用仍然有限。为了解决这一挑战,研究人员开发了一个名为 CAMI(医疗/健康信息辅导助手)的聊天机器人,它可以提供有关 NDD 患者家庭相关的可信资源的信息,涵盖核心知识和服务。该聊天机器人是与有生活经验的个人合作开发的,旨在提供有关可信资源的信息,这些资源涵盖了可能引起他们兴趣的核心知识和服务。开发人员使用 Django 框架(Django 软件基金会)进行开发,并使用知识图谱来描绘 NDD 中的关键实体及其关系,以便聊天机器人可以建议与用户查询相关的网络资源。为了从用户输入中识别 NDD 特定领域的实体,使用了标准来源(统一医学语言系统)和其他实体的组合,这些实体是由健康专业人员以及合作者识别出来的。尽管大多数实体都在文本中被识别出来,但也有一些实体未被系统捕获,因此未被检测到。尽管如此,该聊天机器人仍能够提供与大多数与 NDD 相关的用户查询相关的资源。研究人员发现,使用同义词和特定子域的通俗语言术语来丰富词汇量可以增强实体检测。通过使用大量患有 NDD 的个体数据集,研究人员开发了一个知识图谱,在实体之间建立了有意义的联系,使聊天机器人能够提供相关的症状、诊断和资源。据研究人员所知,CAMI 是第一个提供与 NDD 相关资源的聊天机器人。我们的工作强调了让最终用户参与进来以补充语言识别的标准通用本体论中的命名实体的重要性。它还表明,复杂的医学和健康相关信息可以使用知识图谱和利用现有的大型数据集进行整合。这具有多种意义:适用于其他健康领域,减少对专家的需求,优化他们的输入,同时让医疗保健专业人员参与其中。研究人员的工作还展示了健康和计算机科学领域需要如何合作,以实现使聊天机器人真正有用和有影响力所需的粒度。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/aace/11220430/998b96dc795b/jmir_v26i1e50182_fig1.jpg

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