Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2024 Sep;357(9):e2400256. doi: 10.1002/ardp.202400256. Epub 2024 Jun 18.
Green and white chemistry are vital to revolutionizing the chemical industry through their unparalleled potential to enhance sustainability and efficiency. In this study, nine sustainability tools of both green and white metrics, including green analytical procedure index (GAPI), ComplexGAPI, analytical greenness, analytical greenness metric for sample preparation, Analytical Eco-Scale (ESA), analytical method greenness score, high-performance liquid chromatography- environmental assessment tool (HPLC-EAT), analytical method volume intensity, and blue applicability grade index (BAGI), have been developed for appraising environmental friendliness for both innovative and straightforward mean centering of ratio spectra (MCR) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) strategies utilized for concurrent analysis and separation of cyclopentolate (CYC) and C12 and C14 homologs of benzalkonium chloride (BNZ) in pure and ophthalmic solution. The mobile phase, formed of buffer phosphate and acetonitrile (35:65, v/v), was adjusted to pH 6.3, and 215-nm UV detection was used. The experimental flow rate was 2.0 mL min, and the analytical column was L11 Inertsil Ph-3 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). All sequences were run at 25°C in the column oven. The MCR approach effectively resolved the drug's spectral overlapping. CYC and BNZ employed this approach at 227.5 and 220.4 nm, respectively. As part of the HPLC analysis, an isocratic method was employed with phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the mobile phase at 35:65. A correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 was observed between the calibration curves for the HPLC and MCR methods in the ranges of 20-320 µg mL and 5-30 µg mL for all drugs. The technique yields excellent primary recovery rates, ranging from 97.2% to 100.5%. The recommended approach has been validated according to International Council for Harmonization guidelines.
绿色和白色化学对于通过提高可持续性和效率来彻底改变化学工业至关重要。在这项研究中，开发了九种绿色和白色度量标准的可持续性工具，包括绿色分析程序指数 (GAPI)、ComplexGAPI、分析绿色度、分析样品制备绿色度指标、分析生态标度 (ESA)、分析方法绿色度评分、高效液相色谱-环境评估工具 (HPLC-EAT)、分析方法体积强度和蓝色适用性等级指数 (BAGI)，用于评估创新和简单的比值光谱（MCR）和反相高效液相色谱 (RP-HPLC) 策略的环境友好性，这些策略用于同时分析和分离纯溶液和眼用溶液中的环戊醇 (CYC) 和苯扎氯铵 (BNZ) 的 C12 和 C14 同系物。流动相由磷酸盐缓冲液和乙腈（35:65，v/v）组成，调节至 pH 6.3，使用 215nm 紫外检测。实验流速为 2.0ml/min，分析柱为 L11 Inertsil Ph-3(150mm×4.6mm，5μm)。所有序列均在柱温箱中以 25°C 运行。MCR 方法有效地解决了药物光谱重叠问题。CYC 和 BNZ 分别在 227.5nm 和 220.4nm 处使用该方法。作为 HPLC 分析的一部分，采用等度法，流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液和乙腈，比例为 35:65。在 HPLC 和 MCR 方法的校准曲线范围内，观察到 20-320μg/ml 和 5-30μg/ml 之间的相关系数均大于 0.999。该技术的初始回收率非常高，范围为 97.2%至 100.5%。根据国际协调会议的指导原则，对推荐的方法进行了验证。
