Samuilova Evgeniia, Ponomareva Alina, Sitnikova Vera, Zhilenkov Anton, Kichigina Olga, Uspenskaya Mayya
The Center for Chemical Engineering, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Department of Cyber-Physical Systems, Saint Petersburg Marine Technical University, Leninskiy Pr. 101, 198303 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 May 30;16(11):1551. doi: 10.3390/polym16111551.
To enhance the ecological properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products, the fabrication of PVC-based composites using biofillers with acceptable performance characteristics could be considered. In this work, plant-filled PVC-based composite materials were fabricated and their optical, structural, thermal, and mechanical properties, depending on the nature of the filler, were studied. Spruce flour, birch flour, and rice husk were used as fillers. Optical measurements showed the selected technological parameters, allowing films with a uniform distribution of dispersed plant filler in the polymer matrix to be obtained. Using the plant fillers in PVC films leads to a reduction in strength characteristics; for instance, the tensile strength changed from 18.0 MPa (for pure PVC film) to ~7 MPa (for composites with 20 wt.% of fillers), and to ~5-6.2 MPa (for composites with 40 wt.% of fillers). Thermal investigations showed that the samples with plant fillers could be used at low temperatures without changing their operating characteristics. Thus, plant-filled PVC-based composite materials have a wide operating temperature range, from-65 °C to 150 °C. TGA analysis has demonstrated that the rice husk affected the thermal stability of the composites by increasing their thermal decomposition resistance. The ability to absorb water was observed during the investigation of water absorption of the samples. And the highest degree of water absorption (up to 160 mg/g) was detected for the sample with 40 wt.% of rice husk. In general, plant-filled polymer composites based on PVC can be used on an equal basis with unfilled PVC plastic compounds for some applications such as in construction (for example, for design tasks).
为提高聚氯乙烯（PVC）产品的生态性能，可以考虑使用具有可接受性能特征的生物填料来制造PVC基复合材料。在这项工作中，制备了植物填充的PVC基复合材料，并研究了其光学、结构、热学和力学性能，这些性能取决于填料的性质。使用云杉木粉、桦木粉和稻壳作为填料。光学测量显示了所选的工艺参数，使得能够获得聚合物基体中分散植物填料分布均匀的薄膜。在PVC薄膜中使用植物填料会导致强度特性降低；例如，拉伸强度从18.0MPa（对于纯PVC薄膜）变为约7MPa（对于含20wt.%填料的复合材料），以及约5 - 6.2MPa（对于含40wt.%填料的复合材料）。热学研究表明，含有植物填料的样品可以在低温下使用而不改变其操作特性。因此，植物填充的PVC基复合材料具有从 - 65°C到150°C的宽操作温度范围。热重分析（TGA）表明，稻壳通过提高复合材料的热分解抗性影响了其热稳定性。在对样品的吸水性进行研究期间观察到了吸水能力。对于含有40wt.%稻壳的样品，检测到最高吸水率（高达160mg/g）。总体而言，基于PVC的植物填充聚合物复合材料在某些应用（如建筑领域，例如用于设计任务）中可以与未填充的PVC塑料化合物同等使用。
