Wei An, Wang Shunxiang, Zou Yongjin, Xiang Cuili, Xu Fen, Sun Lixian
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
Nanning Guidian Electronic Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 May 31;16(11):1557. doi: 10.3390/polym16111557.
To broaden the applications of wood, it is necessary to prepare flame-retardant coatings that can protect wood substrates during combustion. In this study, a bio-based, intumescent, flame-retardant phytic acid-melamine polyelectrolyte (PM) was prepared using phosphorus-rich biomass phytic acid and nitrogen-rich melamine as raw materials through an ion crosslinking reaction. Subsequently, a series of bio-based, flame-retardant wood coatings were prepared by optimizing the structure of urea-formaldehyde resin with the addition of melamine, sodium lignosulfonate, and PM as a flame-retardant curing agent. Woods coated with PM-containing coatings displayed significantly improved flame-retardant performances in comparison to uncoated woods. For PM-cured woods, the measured values of total heat release and total smoke production were 91.51% and 57.80% lower, respectively, compared with those of uncoated wood. Furthermore, the fire growth index decreased by 97.32%, indicating a lower fire hazard. This increase in flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance is due to the dense expanded carbon layer formed during the combustion of the coating, which isolates oxygen and heat. In addition, the mechanical properties of the flame-retardant coatings cured with PM are similar to those cured with a commercial curing agent, NHCl. In addition, the prepared flame-retardant coating can also stain the wood. This study proves the excellent flame-retarding and curing effect of ammonium phytate in urea-formaldehyde resin coatings and provides a new approach for the application of bio-based flame retardants in wood coatings.
为拓宽木材的应用范围，有必要制备在燃烧过程中能保护木材基材的阻燃涂料。在本研究中，以富含磷的生物质植酸和富含氮的三聚氰胺为原料，通过离子交联反应制备了一种生物基膨胀型阻燃植酸 - 三聚氰胺聚电解质（PM）。随后，通过添加三聚氰胺、木质素磺酸钠和作为阻燃固化剂的PM优化脲醛树脂的结构，制备了一系列生物基阻燃木材涂料。与未涂覆的木材相比，涂覆含PM涂料的木材表现出显著提高的阻燃性能。对于用PM固化的木材，与未涂覆木材相比，总热释放量和总产烟量的测量值分别降低了91.51%和57.80%。此外，火灾增长指数下降了97.32%，表明火灾危险性较低。阻燃性和抑烟性能的提高是由于涂层燃烧过程中形成的致密膨胀碳层隔绝了氧气和热量。此外，用PM固化的阻燃涂料的机械性能与用商业固化剂氯化铵固化的涂料相似。此外，制备的阻燃涂料还能使木材着色。本研究证明了植酸铵在脲醛树脂涂料中的优异阻燃和固化效果，并为生物基阻燃剂在木材涂料中的应用提供了一种新方法。
