370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 28;25(11):5865. doi: 10.3390/ijms25115865.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of genes in humans. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in human tumors are under-expressed compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, experiments have shown that interference with miRNA processing enhances tumorigenesis. Multiple studies have documented the causal role of miRNAs in cancer, and miRNA-based anticancer therapies are currently being developed. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) miRNAs and their role in human cancer and (2) the regulation of tumor suppressors by miRNAs. The review discusses (a) the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by miRNA, (b) the critical role of the miR-144/451 cluster in regulating the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and (c) the regulation of PTEN by miRNAs. Future research and the perspectives of miRNA in cancer are also discussed. Understanding these pathways will open avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting miRNA regulation.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类调控人类超过 30%基因的小 RNA 分子。最近的研究揭示了 miRNA 在肿瘤发生中的关键作用。与正常组织相比，人类肿瘤中的大量 miRNA 呈低表达状态。此外，实验表明干扰 miRNA 的加工过程会增强肿瘤的发生。多项研究已经证实了 miRNA 在癌症中的因果作用，并且目前正在开发 miRNA 为基础的抗癌疗法。这篇综述主要集中在两个关键点上：（1）miRNA 及其在人类癌症中的作用，以及（2）miRNA 对肿瘤抑制因子的调控。综述讨论了（a）miRNA 对肿瘤抑制因子 p53 的调控，（b）miR-144/451 簇在调控 Itch-p63-Ago2 途径中的关键作用，以及（c）miRNA 对 PTEN 的调控。还讨论了未来的研究和 miRNA 在癌症中的展望。理解这些途径将为针对 miRNA 调控的治疗干预开辟途径。
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