Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 May 23;16(11):1583. doi: 10.3390/nu16111583.
The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results were not entirely consistent across studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were conducted to determine the association between broccoli consumption and cancer risk with the aim of clarifying the beneficial biological effects of broccoli consumption on cancer.
PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Epistemonikos databases were searched to identify all published papers that evaluate the impact of broccoli consumption on the risk of cancer. Citation chasing of included studies was conducted as a complementary search strategy. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively synthesize results, with the I2 index used to assess heterogeneity.
Twenty-three case-control studies (n = 12,929 cases and 18,363 controls; n = 31,292 individuals) and 12 cohort studies (n = 699,482 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of cancer both in case-control studies (OR: 0.64, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.70, < 0.001; Q = 35.97, = 0.072, I = 30.49%-moderate heterogeneity; τ = 0.016) and cohort studies (RR: 0.89, 95% CI from 0.82 to 0.96, = 0.003; Q = 13.51, = 0.333, I = 11.21%-low heterogeneity; τ = 0.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential benefit of broccoli consumption in site-specific cancers only in case-control studies.
In summary, the findings indicate that individuals suffering from some type of cancer consumed less broccoli, suggesting a protective biological effect of broccoli on cancer. More studies, especially cohort studies, are necessary to clarify the possible beneficial effect of broccoli on several types of cancer.
科学文献报道，西兰花的消费与多种癌症的发病风险呈负相关；然而，研究结果并不完全一致。进行了系统的综述和观察性研究的荟萃分析，以确定西兰花消费与癌症风险之间的关联，旨在阐明西兰花消费对癌症的有益的生物学效应。
检索了 PubMed/MEDLINE、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane 图书馆（CENTRAL）和 Epistemonikos 数据库，以确定所有评估西兰花消费对癌症风险影响的已发表论文。对纳入研究进行引文追踪作为补充搜索策略。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估个体研究的偏倚风险。采用随机效应模型荟萃分析定量综合结果，使用 I2 指数评估异质性。
荟萃分析纳入了 23 项病例对照研究（n = 12929 例病例和 18363 例对照；n = 31292 人）和 12 项队列研究（n = 699482 人）。结果表明，在病例对照研究（OR：0.64，95%CI 为 0.58 至 0.70，<0.001；Q = 35.97， = 0.072，I = 30.49%-中度异质性；τ = 0.016）和队列研究（RR：0.89，95%CI 为 0.82 至 0.96， = 0.003；Q = 13.51， = 0.333，I = 11.21%-低度异质性；τ = 0.002）中，西兰花的消费与癌症风险呈负相关。亚组分析表明，仅在病例对照研究中，西兰花的消费可能对特定部位的癌症有保护作用。
总之，这些发现表明，患有某些类型癌症的个体西兰花的摄入量较少，这表明西兰花对癌症具有保护的生物学效应。需要更多的研究，特别是队列研究，来阐明西兰花对多种癌症可能的有益作用。
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