Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2024 Sep;85:127486. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127486. Epub 2024 Jun 17.
Evidence regarding child iodine intake and neurodevelopment is scarce.
We aimed to assess the impact of child iodine intake at 4 years of age on cognitive and motor development at 4 and 6 years among 304 children from the Rhea cohort on Crete, Greece. Child iodine intake was assessed via urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and adjusted for specific gravity. Child cognitive and motor development was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) at 4 years of age and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Finger Tapping Test (FTT), and Trail Making Test (TMT) at 6 years. Associations were explored using multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses with UIC categorized according to WHO criteria [insufficient intake <100 µg/L, adequate 100-299 µg/L (reference group), excessive ≥300 µg/L].
The children's median UIC was 249 µg/L (25-75th percentile: 181-344 μg/L). Children with UIC <100 μg/L had lower scores in the motor scale at 4 years (MSCA-motor scale: B=-10.3; 95 %CI -19.9, -0.6; n=10) and in intelligence at 6 years (RCPM-total score: B=-3.6, 95 %CI -6.8, -0.5; n=9) than children in the reference group. No associations were found with the general cognitive scale at 4 years or with TMT and FTT scales at 6 years. Children with UIC ≥300 μg/L had lower cognitive scores both at 4 (MSCA; B= -3.5; 95 %CI -6.9, -0.1; n =101) and 6 years of age (RCPM-total score; B= -1.2; 95 %CI -2.3, -0.0; n =98) than children in the reference group. No associations were observed with the motor scale at 4 years or with TMT and FTT scales at 6 years.
Our findings indicate that both low and excessive iodine intake at preschool age may adversely affect child cognitive abilities. Additionally, low iodine intake may also impact motor abilities.
有关儿童碘摄入量与神经发育的证据有限。
我们旨在评估 304 名来自希腊克里特岛 Rhea 队列的儿童在 4 岁时的碘摄入量对其在 4 岁和 6 岁时认知和运动发育的影响。通过使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测量尿碘浓度（UIC）来评估儿童碘摄入量，并根据比重进行调整。通过麦卡锡儿童能力量表（MSCA）在 4 岁时以及瑞文彩色渐进矩阵（RCPM）、手指轻敲测试（FTT）和连线测试（TMT）在 6 岁时评估儿童的认知和运动发育。使用多变量调整的线性回归分析方法，根据世卫组织标准（摄入不足 <100μg/L、充足 100-299μg/L（参考组）、过量≥300μg/L）对 UIC 进行分类，探讨相关性。
儿童的 UIC 中位数为 249μg/L（25-75 百分位数：181-344μg/L）。UIC<100μg/L 的儿童在 4 岁时的运动量表得分较低（MSCA-运动量表：B=-10.3；95%CI -19.9，-0.6；n=10），在 6 岁时的智力得分较低（RCPM-总分：B=-3.6，95%CI -6.8，-0.5；n=9），低于参考组儿童。在 4 岁时的一般认知量表或在 6 岁时的 TMT 和 FTT 量表上均未发现与儿童认知相关的关联。UIC≥300μg/L 的儿童在 4 岁时的认知评分较低（MSCA；B=-3.5；95%CI -6.9，-0.1；n=101）和 6 岁时的认知评分较低（RCPM-总分；B=-1.2；95%CI -2.3，-0.0；n=98），均低于参考组儿童。在 4 岁时的运动量表或在 6 岁时的 TMT 和 FTT 量表上均未发现与运动能力相关的关联。
我们的研究结果表明，学龄前儿童碘摄入不足和过量都可能对儿童的认知能力产生不利影响。此外，碘摄入不足也可能影响运动能力。
