College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Henan Province Wheat-flour Staple Food Engineering Technology Research Centre, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; Henan Province Wheat-flour Staple Food Engineering Technology Research Centre, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
Phytomedicine. 2024 Sep;132:155826. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155826. Epub 2024 Jun 13.
Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a aroma monoterpene commonly obtained from various plants' essential oil. Recently, increasing researches have demonstrated that POH may be useful, not only as flavor compound, but also as bioactive molecule because of a variety of biological activities.
The aim of this review is to summarize the production, pharmacological activities and molecular mechanism, active derivatives, toxicity and parmacokinetics, and industrial application of POH.
A systematic search of published articles up to January 2024 in Web of Science, China Knowledge Network, and PubMed databases is conducted using the following keywords: POH, POH derivatives, biological or pharmacological, production or synthesis, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and application.
Biotechnological production is considered to be a potential alternative approach to generate POH. POH provides diverse pharmacological benefits, including anticancer, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, vasorelaxant, antinociceptive, antiasthmatic, hepatoprotective effects, etc. The underlying mechanisms of action include modulation of NF-κB, JNK/c-Jun, Notch, Akt/mTOR, PI3K/Akt/eNOS, STAT3, Nrf2 and ERS response pathways, mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and membrane integrity damage, and inhibition of ROS accumulation, pro-inflammatory cytokines release and NLRP3 activation. What's more, the proteins or genes influenced by POH against diseases refer to Bax, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, CDK, p21, p53, HIF-1α, AP-1, caspase-3, M6P/IGF2R, PARP, VEGF, etc. Some clinical studies report that intranasal delivery of POH is a safe and effective treatment for cancer, but further clinical investigations are needed to confirm other health benefits of POH in human healthy. Depending on these health-promoting properties together with desirable flavor and safety, POH can be employed as dietary supplement, preservative and flavor additive in food and cosmetic fields, as building block in synthesis fields, as anticancer drug in medicinal fields, and as pesticides and herbicides in agricultural fields.
This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in POH and highlights its therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms as well as the clinical settings, which is helpful to develop POH into functional food and new candidate drug for prevention and management of diseases. Future studies are needed to conduct more biological activity studies of POH and its derivatives, and check their clinical efficacy and potential side effects.
紫苏醇（POH）是一种常见的单萜类香气化合物，通常从各种植物的精油中获得。最近，越来越多的研究表明，POH 不仅可用作调味化合物，而且还可用作生物活性分子，因为其具有多种生物学活性。
本综述旨在总结 POH 的生产、药理活性和分子机制、活性衍生物、毒性和药代动力学以及工业应用。
通过在 Web of Science、中国知网和 PubMed 数据库中使用以下关键词进行系统搜索，检索截至 2024 年 1 月的已发表文章：POH、POH 衍生物、生物或药理学、生产或合成、药代动力学、毒性和应用。
生物技术生产被认为是生成 POH 的一种潜在替代方法。POH 具有多种药理益处，包括抗癌、抗菌、杀虫、抗氧化、抗炎、降压、血管舒张、镇痛、抗哮喘、保肝作用等。其作用机制包括调节 NF-κB、JNK/c-Jun、Notch、Akt/mTOR、PI3K/Akt/eNOS、STAT3、Nrf2 和 ERS 反应途径，减轻线粒体功能障碍和膜完整性损伤，抑制 ROS 积累、促炎细胞因子释放和 NLRP3 激活。此外，POH 针对疾病影响的蛋白质或基因包括 Bax、Bcl-2、cyclin D1、CDK、p21、p53、HIF-1α、AP-1、caspase-3、M6P/IGF2R、PARP、VEGF 等。一些临床研究报告称，经鼻给予 POH 是治疗癌症的安全有效方法，但需要进一步的临床研究来确认 POH 对人类健康的其他健康益处。由于其具有促进健康的特性、理想的风味和安全性，POH 可用作食品和化妆品领域的膳食补充剂、防腐剂和风味添加剂，合成领域的构建块，医药领域的抗癌药物，以及农业领域的农药和除草剂。
本综述系统总结了 POH 的最新进展，强调了其治疗效果和潜在机制以及临床应用，有助于将 POH 开发为功能性食品和预防和管理疾病的新候选药物。未来需要进行更多 POH 及其衍生物的生物活性研究，并检查其临床疗效和潜在副作用。
