Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Aug;177:116996. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116996. Epub 2024 Jun 18.
Metabolic syndromes (e.g., obesity) are characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Recently, patients with metabolic syndromes have experienced not only metabolic problems but also neuropathological issues, including cognitive impairment. Several studies have reported blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and insulin resistance in the brain of patients with obesity and diabetes. Adenosine, a purine nucleoside, is known to regulate various cellular responses (e.g., the neuroinflammatory response) by binding with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Adenosine has four known receptors: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R. These receptors play distinct roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the brain, including endothelial cell homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, microglial activation, lipid metabolism, immune cell infiltration, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the recent findings on the role of adenosine receptor-mediated signaling in neuropathological issues related to metabolic imbalance. We highlight the importance of adenosine signaling in the development of therapeutic solutions for neuropathological issues in patients with metabolic syndromes.
代谢综合征（如肥胖症）的特征是胰岛素抵抗、慢性炎症、葡萄糖代谢受损和血脂异常。最近，代谢综合征患者不仅经历了代谢问题，还经历了神经病理学问题，包括认知障碍。几项研究报告称，肥胖症和糖尿病患者的大脑存在血脑屏障（BBB）破坏和胰岛素抵抗。腺苷是一种嘌呤核苷，已知通过与中枢神经系统（CNS）中的腺苷受体结合来调节各种细胞反应（例如神经炎症反应）。腺苷有四种已知的受体：A1R、A2AR、A2BR 和 A3R。这些受体在大脑中的各种生理和病理过程中发挥着不同的作用，包括内皮细胞稳态、胰岛素敏感性、小胶质细胞激活、脂质代谢、免疫细胞浸润和突触可塑性。在这里，我们综述了腺苷受体介导的信号在与代谢失衡相关的神经病理学问题中的作用的最新发现。我们强调了腺苷信号在为代谢综合征患者的神经病理学问题开发治疗解决方案中的重要性。
