Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 140, Juvevê, 80035-050, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia de Plantas sob Estresse, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Sep 15;357:124376. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124376. Epub 2024 Jun 17.
We compared the ability of one emergent (Sagittaria montevidensis), two floating (Salvinia minima and Lemna gibba), and one heterophyllous species (Myriophyllum aquaticum) to simultaneously remove sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, azithromycin, amoxicillin, and meropenem from wastewater in a mesocosm-scale constructed wetland over 28 days. Antibiotic concentrations in plants and effluent were analyzed using an LC-MS/MS to assess the removal rates and phytoremediation capacities. M. aquaticum did not effectively mitigate contamination due to poor tolerance and survival in effluent conditions. S. minima and L. gibba demonstrated superior efficiency, reducing the antibiotic concentrations to undetectable levels within 14 days, while S. montevidensis achieved this result by day 28. Floating macrophytes emerge as the preferable choice for remediation of antibiotics compared to emergent and heterophyllous species. Antibiotics were detected in plant tissues at concentrations ranging from 0.32 to 29.32 ng g fresh weight, highlighting macrophytes' ability to uptake and accumulate these contaminants. Conversely, non-planted systems exhibited a maximum removal rate of 65%, underscoring the persistence of these molecules in natural environments, even after the entire experimental period. Additionally, macrophytes improved effluent quality regardless of species by reducing total soluble solids and phosphate concentrations and mitigating ecotoxicological effects. This study underscores the potential of using macrophytes in wastewater treatment plants to enhance overall efficiency and prevent environmental contamination by antibiotics, thereby mitigating the harmful impact on biota and antibiotic resistance. Selecting appropriate plant species is crucial for successful phytoremediation in constructed wetlands, and actual implementation is essential to validate their effectiveness and practical applicability.
我们比较了一种挺水植物（箭叶泽泻）、两种浮水植物（少穗浮萍和无根萍）和一种沉水植物（金鱼藻）在 28 天的中观尺度人工湿地中同时从废水中去除磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺嘧啶、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、土霉素、四环素、强力霉素、阿奇霉素、阿莫西林和美罗培南的能力。采用 LC-MS/MS 分析植物和流出物中的抗生素浓度，以评估去除率和植物修复能力。由于在流出条件下耐受性和生存能力差，M. aquaticum 不能有效减轻污染。S. minima 和 L. gibba 表现出较高的效率，在 14 天内将抗生素浓度降低到无法检测的水平，而 S. montevidensis 在第 28 天达到了这一结果。与挺水和沉水植物相比，浮水植物是修复抗生素的首选。抗生素在植物组织中的浓度范围为 0.32 至 29.32ng/g 鲜重，这突出了大型植物吸收和积累这些污染物的能力。相比之下，无植物系统的最大去除率为 65%，这表明这些分子在自然环境中即使在整个实验期间也具有持久性。此外，大型植物通过降低总溶解固体和磷酸盐浓度并减轻生态毒性影响，改善了流出物的质量。本研究强调了在污水处理厂中使用大型植物来提高整体效率并防止抗生素对环境的污染的潜力，从而减轻对生物群和抗生素耐药性的有害影响。选择合适的植物物种对于人工湿地中的成功植物修复至关重要，实际实施对于验证其有效性和实际适用性至关重要。
