Zhao Xiao-Shuai, Zheng Qi-Bing, Ma Rui, Zhang Heng, Chen Miao, Guo Chang-Sheng
Zouping City Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Zouping 256200, China.
Binzhou Bureau of Ecological Environment High-tech Industrial Development Zone Branch, Binzhou 256623, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Jun 8;45(6):3165-3175. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202304094.
To comprehensively assess the pollution characteristics and ecological risks of antibiotics in the rivers in Beijing, the concentrations of 35 common antibiotics belonging to four categories were quantified by using solid phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The ecological risks of antibiotics were evaluated using the methods of risk quotient (RQ) and joint probability curves (JPCs). The results showed that a total of 33 antibiotics were detected in the surface water of ten rivers in Beijing, and the total concentrations of antibiotics ranged from N.D. to 1 573.57 ng·L. Sulfamethoxazole showed the highest concentration (N.D.-160.04 ng·L), followed by sulfadiazine (0.09-147.90 ng·L) and ofloxacin (0.28-94.72 ng·L). There were 16 antibiotics with a detection frequency greater than 50.0 %. The RQ method showed that there were 12 antibiotics with potential ecological risks. Tetracycline, clarithromycin, and trimethoprim showed the highest risks, with RQs of 3.99, 1.86, and 1.01, respectively. The risks of antibiotics at the outlets of wastewater treatment plants were higher than those in mainstream rivers. The PNEC exceedance rates of tetracycline, clarithromycin, and trimethoprim were above 2.3 %. Based on JPCs, the maximum risk product of clarithromycin was 1.66 %, and it showed low risks to 0.3 %-7.0 % of species. The risks of other antibiotics could be ignored. The detection frequency, distribution of concentrations, most sensitive species, and species sensitivity distribution of antibiotics had important impacts on the ecological risk assessment. Using the multilevel ecological risk assessment strategy can effectively avoid inadequate protection and overprotection and is also conducive to the hierarchical and zoning management of antibiotics throughout the region.
为全面评估北京河流中抗生素的污染特征和生态风险，采用固相萃取结合高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法对四类35种常见抗生素的浓度进行了定量分析。采用风险商数（RQ）法和联合概率曲线（JPCs）法对抗生素的生态风险进行了评估。结果表明，在北京十条河流的地表水中共检测到33种抗生素，抗生素总浓度范围为未检出至1573.57 ng·L。磺胺甲恶唑浓度最高（未检出 - 160.04 ng·L），其次是磺胺嘧啶（0.09 - 147.90 ng·L）和氧氟沙星（0.28 - 94.72 ng·L）。有16种抗生素的检出频率大于50.0%。RQ法表明有12种抗生素存在潜在生态风险。四环素、克拉霉素和甲氧苄啶风险最高，RQ值分别为3.99、1.86和1.01。污水处理厂出水口抗生素的风险高于主流河流。四环素、克拉霉素和甲氧苄啶的预测无效应浓度（PNEC）超标率均高于2.3%。基于JPCs，克拉霉素的最大风险乘积为1.66%，对0.3% - 7.0%的物种显示低风险。其他抗生素的风险可忽略不计。抗生素的检出频率、浓度分布、最敏感物种和物种敏感性分布对生态风险评估有重要影响。采用多层次生态风险评估策略可有效避免保护不足和过度保护，也有利于区域内抗生素的分级分区管理。
