Ding Xin-Ru, Xu Man, Yan Ning-Zhen, Wang Zi-Fang, Li Zhi-Qi, Huang Rong, Wang Yang, Dai Wen-Cai, Gao Ming
College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Chongqing Jiangjin District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Chongqing 402260, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Jun 8;45(6):3523-3532. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202307199.
In this study, the effects of four types of amendments on effective Cd and Cd content in different parts of prickly ash soil and soil enzyme activity were studied, which provided scientific basis for acidification improvement of purple soil and heavy metal pollution control. A field experiment was conducted. Six treatments were set up:no fertilizer (CK), only chemical fertilizer (F), lime + chemical fertilizer (SF), organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer (OM), biochar + chemical fertilizer (BF), and vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer (JZ). Soil pH; available Cd (DTPA-Cd); Cd content in branches, leaves, shells, and seeds of Zanthoxylum; as well as the activities of catalase (S-CAT), acid phosphatase (S-ACP), and urease (S-UE) in different treatments were studied, and their relationships were clarified. The results showed following:① The two treatments of vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer and lime + chemical fertilizer significantly increased soil pH ( < 0.05) to 3.39 and 2.25 units higher than that in the control, respectively. Compared with that in the control treatment, the content of available Cd in soil under vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer and lime + chemical fertilizer treatment decreased by 28.91 % and 20.90 %, respectively. ② The contents of Cd in leaves, shells, and seeds of Zanthoxylum were decreased by 31.33 %, 30.24 %, and 34.01 %, respectively. The Cd enrichment ability of different parts of Zanthoxylum was different, with the specific performances being leaves > branches > seeds > shells. Compared with that of the control, the enrichment coefficient of each part of Zanthoxylum treated with vinasse biomass ash + chemical fertilizer decreased significantly( < 0.05)by 27.54 %-40.0 %. ③ The changes in catalase and urease activities in soil treated with amendments were similar. Compared with those in the control group, the above two enzyme activities were significantly increased by 191.26 % and 199.50 %, respectively, whereas the acid phosphatase activities were decreased by 16.45 %. Correlation analysis showed that soil available Cd content was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH value( < 0.01), S-CAT and S-UE enzyme activities were significantly positively correlated with soil pH( < 0.01), and the soil available Cd content was significantly negatively correlated ( < 0.01); the S-ACP enzyme showed the complete opposite trends. The application of lime and vinasse biomass ash to acidic purple soil had the most significant effect on neutralizing soil acidity. It was an effective measure to improve acidic purple soil and prevent heavy metal pollution by reducing the effective Cd content in soil and improving the soil environment while inhibiting the absorption and transfer of Cd in various parts of Zanthoxylum.
本研究探讨了4种改良剂对花椒土壤不同部位有效镉及镉含量和土壤酶活性的影响，为紫色土酸化改良及重金属污染防治提供科学依据。进行了田间试验。设置6个处理：不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（F）、石灰+化肥（SF）、有机肥+化肥（OM）、生物炭+化肥（BF）、酒糟生物质灰+化肥（JZ）。研究了不同处理下土壤pH值、有效镉（DTPA-Cd）、花椒枝叶、果壳和种子中镉含量以及过氧化氢酶（S-CAT）、酸性磷酸酶（S-ACP）和脲酶（S-UE）活性，并阐明了它们之间的关系。结果表明：①酒糟生物质灰+化肥和石灰+化肥两个处理显著提高了土壤pH值（P＜0.05），分别比对照提高3.39和2.25个单位。与对照处理相比，酒糟生物质灰+化肥和石灰+化肥处理土壤中有效镉含量分别降低了28.91%和20.90%。②花椒叶片、果壳和种子中镉含量分别降低了31.33%、30.24%和34.01%。花椒不同部位镉富集能力不同，具体表现为叶＞枝＞种子＞果壳。与对照相比，酒糟生物质灰+化肥处理的花椒各部位富集系数显著降低（P＜0.05），降低了27.54%-40.0%。③改良剂处理土壤中过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性变化趋势相似。与对照组相比，上述两种酶活性分别显著提高了191.26%和199.50%，而酸性磷酸酶活性降低了16.45%。相关性分析表明，土壤有效镉含量与土壤pH值显著负相关（P＜0.01），S-CAT和S-UE酶活性与土壤pH值显著正相关（P＜0.01），土壤有效镉含量显著负相关（P＜0.01）；S-ACP酶表现出完全相反的趋势。在酸性紫色土上施用石灰和酒糟生物质灰对中和土壤酸度效果最显著。通过降低土壤中有效镉含量、改善土壤环境同时抑制镉在花椒各部位的吸收和转运，是改良酸性紫色土和防治重金属污染的有效措施。
