Oxytocin and glucose oxidation in the rat uterus.

The effects of oxytocin on the biochemical pathways of glucose oxidation were investigated in the rat uterus. In the presence of oxytocin, glucose oxidation in uterine segments obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats at diestrus increased 1.5-2.0-fold above the basal rate. A half-maximal response was observed at about 3 nM oxytocin; the maximum response was equal to or greater than the response to 1.7 nM insulin. In stripped myometrial segments (denuded of the endometrial component), oxytocin stimulated glucose oxidation at estrus only; whereas in intact uterine segments, the stimulation of oxidation was observed at both estrus and diestrus. In contrast, stimulation of oxidation by carbachol in stripped myometrial segments was independent of the estrous state of the tissue. The ratio of [1-14C]glucose to [6-14C]glucose oxidation was measured to estimate the relative involvement of the pentose phosphate and the tricarboxylic acid pathways of metabolism. In myometrial tissue, stimulation of glucose oxidation by oxytocin appeared to proceed through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In intact uterine segments, at diestrus, glucose oxidation involved largely the pentose phosphate pathway (suggesting increased glucose metabolism in endometrial tissue), whereas at estrus, in the intact tissue segments, oxytocin increased glucose oxidation largely via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and appeared to do so predominantly in the myometrial tissue. Carbachol-stimulated glucose oxidation appeared to proceed mainly via the tricarboxylic cycle in the myometrial tissue, irrespective of the stage of the estrous cycle. In the uterus of the Brattleboro rat (either intact uterine segments or stripped myometrial strips), oxytocin stimulated glucose oxidation only at estrus, predominantly through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These findings suggest that oxytocin, in addition to its known effect on the contractility of uterine and myoepithelial smooth muscle, may regulate glucose metabolism in both the myometrial and endometrial components of uterine tissue.