Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville. 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville. 302 E Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 10;946:173788. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173788. Epub 2024 Jun 18.
Previous investigations have reported that individuals living in greener neighborhoods have better cardiovascular health. It is unclear whether the effects reported at large geographic scales persist when examined at an intra-neighborhood level. The effects of greenness have not been thoroughly examined using high-resolution metrics of greenness exposure, and how they vary with spatial scales of assessment or participant characteristics.
We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of associations between blood pressure and multiple high-resolution measures of residential area greenness in spatially concentrated HEAL Study cohort of the Green Heart Project. We employed generalized linear models, accounting for individual-level covariates, to examine associations between different high-resolution measures of greenness and blood pressure among 667 participants in a 4 sq. mile contiguous neighborhood area in Louisville, KY.
In adjusted models, we observed significant inverse associations between residential greenness, measured by leaf area index (LAI), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) within 150-250 m and 500 m of homes, but not for Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or grass cover. Weaker associations were also found with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Significant positive associations were observed between LAI and SBP among participants who reported being female, White, without obesity, non-exercisers, non-smokers, younger age, of lower income, and who had high nearby roadway traffic. We found few significant associations between grass cover and SBP, but an inverse association in those with obesity, but positive associations for those without obesity.
We found that leaf surface area of trees around participants home is strongly associated with lower blood pressure, with little association with grass cover. These effects varied with participant characteristics and spatial scales. More research is needed to test causative links between greenspace types and cardiovascular health and to develop population-, typology-, and place-based evidence to inform greening interventions.
先前的研究报告称，居住在绿化较好的社区的人心血管健康状况更好。但目前尚不清楚在邻里范围内进行检查时，在大地理尺度上报告的影响是否仍然存在。尚未使用绿化的高分辨率指标全面检查绿化的影响，也不清楚它们如何随评估的空间尺度或参与者特征而变化。
我们对居住区域绿化的多个高分辨率指标与血液压力之间的关系进行了横断面评估，该研究对象为“绿色心脏计划”中的 HEAL 研究队列中的空间集中区域。我们采用广义线性模型，考虑了个体水平的协变量，以检验肯塔基州路易斯维尔市 4 平方英里连续邻里区域的 667 名参与者中不同的高分辨率绿化指标与血压之间的关联。
在调整后的模型中，我们观察到家庭周围的绿化水平（用叶面积指数 LAI 表示）与 150-250 米和 500 米范围内的收缩压（SBP）之间存在显著的负相关，但与归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）或草地覆盖率无关。与舒张压（DBP）的关联也较弱。在报告为女性、白人、无肥胖、非运动者、非吸烟者、年龄较小、收入较低以及附近道路交通繁忙的参与者中，LAI 与 SBP 之间存在显著的正相关关系。我们发现 LAI 与 SBP 之间存在一些显著的关联，但肥胖者的关联呈负相关，而不肥胖者的关联呈正相关。
我们发现参与者家周围树木的叶面面积与血压降低密切相关，与草地覆盖率的关联很小。这些影响随参与者特征和空间尺度而变化。需要进一步研究来测试绿地类型与心血管健康之间的因果关系，并制定基于人群、类型和地点的证据，为绿化干预提供信息。
