Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Ramón y Cajal Hospital, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Clínica Grupo Pedro Jaen, Madrid, Spain.
Servicio de Dermatología de Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Dermatol. 2024 Apr 1;34(2):163-175. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2024.4654.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes non-scarring hair loss. Data are lacking on the epidemiology and clinical and economic burden of AA in Spain. To estimate the prevalence and incidence of AA in Spain and describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs. This was an observational, retrospective, descriptive study based on the Health Improvement Network (THIN®) database (Cegedim Health Data, Spain). Patients with ICD9-Code 704.01 for AA, registered between 2014 and 2021, were identified. Prevalence (%) and incidence rates per 1,000 patient-years (IR) of AA were calculated and clinical characteristics, treatment characteristics and HCRU/costs were assessed. A total of 5,488 patients with AA were identified. The point prevalence of AA in 2021 was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.45) overall, 0.48 (0.47-0.49) in adults, and 0.23 (0.21-0.26) in children ≤12 years. The 2021 IR for AA in adults was 0.55 (0.51-0.60). Of 3,351 adults with AA, 53.4% were female, mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 43.1 (14.7) years, and 41.6% experienced comorbidities. Among adults, 2.7% used systemic treatment (0.5% immunosuppressants, 2.5% oral corticosteroids, 0.3% both). Laboratory tests and health care professional visits were the principal drivers of cost, which was €821.2 (1065.6)/patient in the first year after diagnosis. The epidemiology of AA in Spain is comparable with that reported for other countries, being more prevalent among adults. There is a significant burden of comorbidities and cost for patients, with limited use of systemic treatments, suggesting an unmet treatment need in this population.
斑秃（AA）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，可导致非瘢痕性脱发。目前缺乏西班牙斑秃的流行病学、临床和经济负担数据。本研究旨在评估西班牙斑秃的患病率和发病率，并描述其社会人口学、临床特征、治疗模式、医疗资源利用（HCRU）和相关成本。这是一项基于健康改进网络（THIN®）数据库（Cegedim Health Data，西班牙）的观察性、回顾性、描述性研究。纳入 2014 年至 2021 年期间登记的 ICD9-Code 704.01 诊断为 AA 的患者。计算 AA 的患病率（%）和每 1000 患者年的发病率（IR），评估临床特征、治疗特征和 HCRU/成本。共纳入 5488 例 AA 患者。2021 年 AA 的时点患病率为 0.44（95%置信区间[CI]：0.43-0.45），成人中为 0.48（0.47-0.49），儿童（≤12 岁）中为 0.23（0.21-0.26）。2021 年成人 AA 的发病率为 0.55（0.51-0.60）。3351 例成人 AA 患者中，53.4%为女性，平均（标准差[SD]）年龄为 43.1（14.7）岁，41.6%存在合并症。在成人中，2.7%使用系统治疗（0.5%免疫抑制剂、2.5%口服皮质类固醇、0.3%两者均用）。实验室检查和卫生保健专业人员就诊是成本的主要驱动因素，诊断后第一年每位患者的成本为 821.2（1065.6）欧元。西班牙斑秃的流行病学与其他国家报道的情况相似，在成年人中更为常见。患者存在严重的合并症和费用负担，系统治疗的应用有限，表明该人群存在未满足的治疗需求。
