Gong Xiaohua, Peng Ling, Wang Fuxiang, Liu Jiexiang, Tang Yimin, Peng Yun, Niu Shiyu, Yin Juzhen, Guo Liping, Lu Hongzhou, Liu Yingxia, Yang Yang
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China.
J Infect. 2024 Aug;89(2):106208. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106208. Epub 2024 Jun 20.
Similar with influenza virus, antigenic drift is highly relevant to SARS-CoV-2 evolution, and immune imprinting has been found to limit the performance of updated vaccines based on the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to investigate whether repeated exposure to Omicron variant could reduce the immune imprinting from previous vaccination.
A total of 194 participants with different status of vaccination (unvaccinated, regular vaccination and booster vaccination) confirmed for first infection and re-infection with BA.5, BF.7 and XBB variants were enrolled, and the neutralizing profiles against wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron sub-variants were analyzed.
Neutralizing potency against the corresponding infected variant is significantly hampered along with the doses of vaccination during first infection. However, for the participants with first infection of BA.5/BF.7 variants and re-infection of XBB variant, immune imprinting was obviously alleviated, indicated as significantly increased ratio of the corresponding infected variant/WT ID titers and higher percentage of samples with high neutralizing activities (ID > 500) against BA.5, BF.7 and XBB variants. Moreover, repeated Omicron infection could induce strong neutralizing potency with broad neutralizing profiles against a series of other Omicron sub-variants, both in the vaccine naive and vaccine experienced individuals.
Our results demonstrate that repeated Omicron infection dampens immune imprinting from vaccination with WT SARS-CoV-2 and induces broad neutralizing profiles against Omicron sub-variants.
与流感病毒类似，抗原漂移与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的进化高度相关，并且已发现免疫印记会限制基于SARS-CoV-2新出现变体的更新疫苗的性能。我们旨在研究反复接触奥密克戎变体是否可以减少先前疫苗接种产生的免疫印记。
招募了194名具有不同疫苗接种状态（未接种、常规接种和加强接种）且确诊首次感染和再次感染BA.5、BF.7和XBB变体的参与者，并分析了针对野生型（WT）SARS-CoV-2和奥密克戎亚变体的中和情况。
在首次感染期间，随着疫苗接种剂量的增加，针对相应感染变体的中和效力显著受到阻碍。然而，对于首次感染BA.5/BF.7变体并再次感染XBB变体的参与者，免疫印记明显减轻，表现为相应感染变体/WT ID滴度的比率显著增加，以及针对BA.5、BF.7和XBB变体具有高中和活性（ID > 500）的样本百分比更高。此外，反复感染奥密克戎可在未接种疫苗和有疫苗接种史的个体中诱导出针对一系列其他奥密克戎亚变体的强大中和效力和广泛的中和谱。
我们的结果表明，反复感染奥密克戎可减轻WT SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种产生的免疫印记，并诱导出针对奥密克戎亚变体的广泛中和谱。
