Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
Adv Genet. 2024;111:149-198. doi: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.02.003. Epub 2024 Mar 15.
This chapter analyses the interaction between microbiota and humans from an evolutionary point of view. Long-term interactions between gut microbiota and host have been generated as a result of dietary choices through coevolutionary processes, where mutuality of advantage is essential. Likewise, the characteristics of the intestinal environment have made it possible to describe different intrahost evolutionary mechanisms affecting microbiota. For its part, the intestinal microbiota has been of great importance in the evolution of mammals, allowing the diversification of dietary niches, phenotypic plasticity and the selection of host phenotypes. Although the origin of the human intestinal microbial community is still not known with certainty, mother-offspring transmission plays a key role, and it seems that transmissibility between individuals in adulthood also has important implications. Finally, it should be noted that certain aspects inherent to modern lifestyle, including refined diets, antibiotic intake, exposure to air pollutants, microplastics, and stress, could negatively affect the diversity and composition of our gut microbiota. This chapter aims to combine current knowledge to provide a comprehensive view of the interaction between microbiota and humans throughout evolution.
本章从进化的角度分析了微生物组与人类之间的相互作用。通过协同进化过程，由于饮食选择，肠道微生物组与宿主之间产生了长期的相互作用，互利互惠至关重要。同样，肠道环境的特点使得描述影响微生物组的不同宿主内进化机制成为可能。就其本身而言，肠道微生物组在哺乳动物的进化中具有重要意义，允许饮食生态位的多样化、表型可塑性和宿主表型的选择。尽管人类肠道微生物群落的起源还不能确定，但母婴传播起着关键作用，而且成年人之间的传染性似乎也有重要意义。最后，值得注意的是，现代生活方式的某些固有方面，包括精制饮食、抗生素摄入、暴露于空气污染物、微塑料和压力，可能会对我们肠道微生物组的多样性和组成产生负面影响。本章旨在结合现有知识，提供一个全面的视角来看待微生物组与人类在整个进化过程中的相互作用。
