National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary named after A. Duisheev, Togolok Moldo Str. 60, Bishkek 720033, Kyrgyzstan.
Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary named after A. Duisheev, Togolok Moldo Str. 60, Bishkek 720033, Kyrgyzstan.
Parasitol Int. 2024 Oct;102:102915. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102915. Epub 2024 Jun 22.
Equine piroplasmosis is caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, which are hemoprotozoan parasites. Understanding the epidemiology and genotypes of T. equi and B. caballi is crucial for developing effective control strategies in endemic countries. However, the endemic status of these two parasite species remains uncertain in Kyrgyzstan due to lack of surveys. Our study, therefore, aimed to detect T. equi and B. caballi infections in Kyrgyzstan and identify their genotypes. Blood samples were collected from 226 horses across all seven provinces of Kyrgyzstan, namely Chuy, Issyk-Kul, Naryn, Talas, Jalal-Abad, Osh, and Batken. These blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction, followed by specific PCR assays targeting T. equi and B. caballi. We found that 56 (24.8%, confidence interval (CI): 19.6-30.8%) and 7 (3.1%, CI: 1.5-6.3%) of the tested horses were positive for T. equi and B. caballi infections, respectively. Theileria equi was detected in all surveyed provinces, whereas B. caballi was found in five provinces, except for Talas and Osh. Subsequent genotype-specific PCR assays showed that T. equi-positive horses harbored all five genotypes: A, B, C (also known as Theileria haneyi), D, and E. On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis of B. caballi rap-1 sequences detected the genotypes A and B1. The prevalence of T. equi and B. caballi suggests a potential risk of clinical equine piroplasmosis among horses in Kyrgyzstan, and the observed genotypic diversity underscores the challenges in managing the disease. Our findings emphasize the need for comprehensive control measures to effectively address equine piroplasmosis in Kyrgyzstan.
马梨形虫病由伊氏锥虫和马媾疫锥虫引起，这两种寄生虫属于血液原生动物寄生虫。了解伊氏锥虫和马媾疫锥虫的流行病学和基因型对于在流行国家制定有效的控制策略至关重要。然而，由于缺乏调查，吉尔吉斯斯坦这两种寄生虫的流行状况仍不确定。因此，我们的研究旨在检测吉尔吉斯斯坦的伊氏锥虫和马媾疫锥虫感染，并确定其基因型。我们从吉尔吉斯斯坦七个省份（楚河州、伊塞克湖州、纳伦州、塔拉斯州、贾拉拉巴德州、奥什州和巴特肯州）的 226 匹马中采集了血液样本。这些血液样本经过 DNA 提取，然后进行针对伊氏锥虫和马媾疫锥虫的特异性 PCR 检测。我们发现，56 匹（24.8%，置信区间[CI]：19.6-30.8%）和 7 匹（3.1%，CI：1.5-6.3%）测试马分别对伊氏锥虫和马媾疫锥虫感染呈阳性。所有调查省份均检测到伊氏锥虫，而除了塔拉斯州和奥什州外，还有五个省份检测到马媾疫锥虫。随后的基因型特异性 PCR 检测显示，伊氏锥虫阳性马携带所有五种基因型：A、B、C（也称为伊氏锥虫 haneyi）、D 和 E。另一方面，B. caballi rap-1 序列的系统进化分析检测到基因型 A 和 B1。伊氏锥虫和马媾疫锥虫的流行表明，吉尔吉斯斯坦马中存在临床马梨形虫病的潜在风险，观察到的基因型多样性凸显了管理该病的挑战。我们的研究结果强调需要采取全面的控制措施，以有效应对吉尔吉斯斯坦的马梨形虫病。
