Hall E J, Hei T K
Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med. 1985 Jul;48(1):1-18. doi: 10.1080/09553008514551021.
Quantitative in vitro assay systems for oncogenic transformation are a powerful research tool. They may be based on short-term cultures of hamster embryo cells, or established cell lines of mouse origin. While X-ray-induced transformation of human cells has been demonstrated, it has proved difficult to develop quantitative assay systems based on cells of human origin. The presently available quantitative assays have two quite distinct basic uses. First, they may be useful to accumulate data which is essentially pragmatic in nature. For example, they may be used to compare and contrast the oncogenic potential of chemotherapeutic agents or hypoxic cell sensitizers used or proposed in the clinic. They may be used to identify compounds that inhibit or suppress the transformation incidence resulting from known oncogenic agents, or they may be used to demonstrate the interaction between two different agents, such as radiation and asbestos. Second, they may prove to be invaluable in the study of the basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis, inasmuch as they represent models of tumourigenesis in which the various steps can be manipulated and modified more readily and in a controlled way.
用于致癌转化的定量体外测定系统是一种强大的研究工具。它们可以基于仓鼠胚胎细胞的短期培养，或者源自小鼠的已建立细胞系。虽然已经证明X射线可诱导人类细胞发生转化，但事实证明，基于人类细胞开发定量测定系统很困难。目前可用的定量测定有两种截然不同的基本用途。首先，它们可能有助于积累本质上是实用性的数据。例如，它们可用于比较和对比临床中使用或提议使用的化疗药物或乏氧细胞增敏剂的致癌潜力。它们可用于鉴定抑制或抑制已知致癌剂导致的转化发生率的化合物，或者它们可用于证明两种不同试剂（如辐射和石棉）之间的相互作用。其次，它们可能在癌症发生基本机制的研究中被证明具有极高价值，因为它们代表了肿瘤发生模型，其中各个步骤可以更容易且以可控的方式进行操纵和修改。
