International PhD School, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
Autism Res. 2024 Aug;17(8):1545-1555. doi: 10.1002/aur.3181. Epub 2024 Jun 25.
This study examined the differences between children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypically developing (NTD) in terms of balance, postural control, and motor skills. It also examined which motor skills are most affected and whether scores on different assessment tests in ASD children are correlated. A cross-sectional observational study with two research groups was conducted. Timed up and go test (TUG), short form of Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency version 2 (SFBOT-2), and pediatric balance scale (PBS) were used. A total of 100 participants 50 with ASD and 50 with NTD engaged in the research. Statistically significant differences were obtained between control group and ASD group in TUG test and in SFBOT-2 standard score and total score (p-value = <0.01). A statistically significant difference (p-value = <0.01) was seen between ASD group's and control group's PBS scores. Poor correlation was noted between TUG and SFBOT-2, as well as between PBS and TUG. A moderate correlation was also found between SFBOT-2 and PBS. Children with ASD present difficulties in motor skills and in static and dynamic balance compared to children with NTD. Differences were observed in the motor skills of strength followed by manual dexterity, running speed and agility, fine motor precision, fine motor integration, and balance. The PBS item that showed the greatest difference between the ASD group and control group was maintaining monopodial support with hands on hips. Finally, poor to moderate correlations were obtained between the different tests with statistically significant differences.
本研究旨在探讨自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童和神经典型发育（NTD）儿童在平衡、姿势控制和运动技能方面的差异。还探讨了哪些运动技能受影响最大，以及 ASD 儿童不同评估测试的分数是否相关。采用了横断面观察性研究和两个研究组。使用了计时起身行走测试（TUG）、运动能力简易测试第二版短式（SFBOT-2）和儿童平衡量表（PBS）。共有 100 名参与者参与了研究，其中 50 名患有 ASD，50 名患有 NTD。在 TUG 测试和 SFBOT-2 标准分数和总分数中，对照组和 ASD 组之间存在统计学上的显著差异（p 值 <0.01）。在 PBS 分数方面，ASD 组和对照组之间也存在统计学上的显著差异（p 值 <0.01）。TUG 和 SFBOT-2 之间以及 PBS 和 TUG 之间存在较差的相关性。SFBOT-2 和 PBS 之间也存在中度相关性。与 NTD 儿童相比，ASD 儿童在运动技能和静态及动态平衡方面存在困难。在力量、手灵巧性、跑步速度和敏捷性、精细运动精准度、精细运动整合和平衡方面的运动技能方面存在差异。在 ASD 组和对照组之间表现出最大差异的 PBS 项目是单足支撑双手放在臀部上。最后，不同测试之间的相关性较差到中度，且具有统计学意义。
