Froldi Federico, Lamastra Lucrezia, Trevisan Marco, Moschini Maurizio
Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DiANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jun 7;14(12):1725. doi: 10.3390/ani14121725.
An estimate of the environmental impact of dairy farms in Northern Italy producing milk for hard cheese (protected designation of origin) has been obtained through a comprehensive life cycle assessment. The estimate focused on climate change (CC) and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) indicators, which were evaluated according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and interpreted with the aid of the feeds' composition evaluated using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (Foss NIR-System 5000) as well as with a diet evaluation according to the NRC (National Research Council) or the CNCPS (Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System) nutrient requirement modeling. Herds were classified into high-, mid-, and low-performing based on the daily milk yield per cow. A lower impact on indicators was observed as herd performance increased. The high-performing herds had a lower contribution from enteric fermentation (6.30 × 10 kgCO-eq), and the more milk that they produced allowed for a differentiation of CC from land use and transformation (2.39 × 10 kgCO-eq), compared to low-performing herds (3.66 × 10 kgCO-eq). Compared to the IPCC approach, the CC and POCP indicator estimates were reduced when addressing the feed's quality, particularly in mid- and high-performing herds. The results could be helpful in the dairy sector as they provide an insight into how diet quality affects the environmental impact of milk.
通过全面的生命周期评估，得出了意大利北部为生产硬质奶酪（原产地保护认证）而产奶的奶牛场对环境影响的评估结果。该评估聚焦于气候变化（CC）和光化学臭氧生成潜力（POCP）指标，这些指标是根据政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的指南进行评估的，并借助使用近红外反射光谱法（福斯NIR - System 5000）评估的饲料成分以及根据美国国家研究委员会（NRC）或康奈尔净碳水化合物和蛋白质系统（CNCPS）营养需求模型进行的日粮评估来进行解读。根据每头奶牛的日产奶量，牛群被分为高产、中产和低产三类。随着牛群生产性能的提高，观察到对各项指标的影响降低。高产牛群的肠道发酵贡献较低（6.30×10 kgCO₂ - eq），与低产牛群（3.66×10 kgCO₂ - eq）相比，它们生产的牛奶越多，使得气候变化中土地利用和转化的影响得以区分（2.39×10 kgCO₂ - eq）。与IPCC方法相比，在考虑饲料质量时，CC和POCP指标的估计值降低了，尤其是在中产和高产牛群中。这些结果对乳制品行业可能会有帮助，因为它们深入了解了日粮质量如何影响牛奶的环境影响。
