对各种食用海藻中存在的每种砷形态进行体外和体内生物可及性和生物利用度评估，以进行砷风险评估。
Bio-accessibility and bio-availability evaluation of each arsenic species existing in various edible seaweeds in vitro and in vivo for arsenic risk assessment.
机构信息
Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 10;946:174247. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174247. Epub 2024 Jun 25.
Seaweeds consumption is one of main internal exposure sources of arsenic for human. However, the absence of representative bio-availabilities of arsenic species makes the accurate assessment of arsenic health risk originating from seaweeds consumption impossible. Herein, the arsenic species in various seaweeds collected from Fujian of China were investigated, and the bio-accessibilities/bio-availabilities of arsenic species existing in seaweeds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results revealed that in vitro bio-availabilities of arsenic species presenting in seaweeds, which obtained with Caco-2 cells, were lower than those of pure arsenic standards, and varied with order of inorganic arsenic (iAs) > dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) ≈ arsenobetaine (AsB) > arsenosugars. During gastrointestinal digestion of mice, As was partly methylated into monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and DMA, which makes the in vivo bioavailability of iAs (⁓31.8 %) obtained with mouse metabolic experiment is much higher than its in vitro bio-availability (⁓10.3 %). The in vivo bio-availabilities of DMA and total arsenic (tAs) are similar to their in vitro bio-availabilities. As the dominant arsenic species in most seaweeds, arsenosugars have an ⁓0.0 % of in vivo bioavailability and only a ⁓3.7 % of in vitro bioavailability. The simulated calculation of target hazard quotient (THQ) and target cancer risk (TR) revealed that the arsenic risk originating from seaweeds was greatly degraded by taking into consideration of arsenic species and bio-availabilities, and all seaweeds collected from Fujian are safety for consumption. The simulated calculation also revealed that arsenic risk of seaweeds can be also more accurately assessed based on tAs together with bioavailability, which provides a simple but accurate and protective method for the risk assessment of arsenic originating from seaweeds. Our work provides the possible representative bio-availabilities of arsenic species presenting in seaweeds for accurately assessing arsenic risk of seaweeds, and novel insights into the bio-availabilities of arsenic in animal.
海藻摄入是人类砷的主要内暴露源之一。然而，由于缺乏有代表性的砷形态生物可给性，因此无法准确评估来自海藻摄入的砷健康风险。本研究调查了中国福建采集的各种海藻中的砷形态，并在体外和体内评估了海藻中砷形态的生物可给性/生物有效性。结果表明，用 Caco-2 细胞获得的体外生物有效性低于纯砷标准，且随无机砷（iAs）>二甲基砷酸（DMA）≈砷甜菜碱（AsB）>砷糖的顺序而变化。在小鼠的胃肠道消化过程中，部分砷被甲基化为单甲基砷酸（MMA）和 DMA，这使得用小鼠代谢实验获得的 iAs（⁓31.8%）的体内生物有效性远高于其体外生物有效性（⁓10.3%）。DMA 和总砷（tAs）的体内生物有效性与体外生物有效性相似。作为大多数海藻中主要的砷形态，砷糖的体内生物有效性为 ⁓0.0%，体外生物有效性为 ⁓3.7%。目标危害系数（THQ）和目标癌症风险（TR）的模拟计算表明，考虑到砷形态和生物可给性，来自海藻的砷风险大大降低，从福建采集的所有海藻均可安全食用。模拟计算还表明，基于 tAs 与生物有效性，可以更准确地评估海藻砷的风险，为评估来自海藻的砷风险提供了一种简单但准确且具有保护作用的方法。我们的工作为准确评估海藻砷风险提供了可能的有代表性的海藻中砷形态的生物可给性，并为动物体内砷的生物可给性提供了新的见解。
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