Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 15;847:157429. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157429. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Edible seaweeds with a relatively high total arsenic concentration have been a global concern. As the largest seaweed producer, China contributes about 60 % of the global seaweed production. The present study investigated 20 seaweed species collected from representative seaweed farming sites in the six provinces along the Chinese coastline, of which Saccharina japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Neopyropia spp., Gracilaria spp., Sargassum fusiforme were listed as the most consumed seaweeds in Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The inorganic arsenic (iAs) concentration in most of the seaweeds was below maximum limits (0.3 mg iAs/kg) as seaweed additives for infant food in the National Food Safety Standard of Pollutants in China (GB2762-2017, 2017), except for the species Sargassum, in which the iAs concentration significantly exceeded the limit and ranged from 15.1 to 83.7 mg/kg. Arsenic speciation in 4 cultivated seaweeds grown in both temperate and subtropical zones is reported for the first time. No significant differences in total As and iAs concentration were identified, except slightly higher total As concentration were found in Saccharina japonica growing in the temperate zone. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of toxic iAs via seaweed consumption was generally below the EFSA CONTAM Panel benchmark dose lower confidence limit (0.3 μg/kg bw/day) except for all Sargassum species where the EDI was significantly higher than 0.3 μg/kg bw/day. Moreover, the first-ever reported data on As speciation indicated very high iAs concentrations in Sargassum hemiphyllum and Sargassum henslowianum. To minimize the food chain iAs exposure, reducing both human intake of Sargassum spp. and the used of Sargassum spp. for animal feed is highly recommended. CAPSULE: This study showed that edible seaweed Sargassum spp. consumption may pose a health risk related to inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure. The risk of iAs exposure via seaweed consumption or livestock is a concern that needs to be monitored. The arsenic accumulation and speciation may be predominantly species-dependent rather than environmental-dependent.
食用海藻中总砷浓度相对较高一直是全球关注的问题。中国是世界上最大的海藻生产国，海藻产量约占全球的 60%。本研究调查了中国沿海六个省份有代表性的海藻养殖区采集的 20 种海藻，其中紫菜、裙带菜、鹅掌菜、石花菜和羊栖菜被联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）列为最常食用的海藻。除了马尾藻属物种外，大多数海藻中的无机砷（iAs）浓度均低于中国《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》（GB2762-2017，2017 年）中规定的作为婴幼儿食品添加剂的海藻的最大限量（0.3mg iAs/kg），其中 iAs 浓度显著超过限量，范围为 15.1-83.7mg/kg。这是首次报道在温带和亚热带地区种植的 4 种养殖海藻中的砷形态。除了在温带地区生长的紫菜中发现总砷浓度略高外，未发现总砷和 iAs 浓度有显著差异。通过食用海藻摄入有毒 iAs 的估计每日摄入量（EDI）通常低于欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）CONTAM 小组基准剂量置信下限（0.3μg/kg bw/day），但所有马尾藻属物种的 EDI 均显著高于 0.3μg/kg bw/day。此外，首次报告的砷形态数据表明，在半叶马尾藻和亨氏马尾藻中 iAs 浓度非常高。为了最大限度地减少食物链中的 iAs 暴露，强烈建议减少人类对马尾藻属物种的食用和将马尾藻属物种用于动物饲料。
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