Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR-3100, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr DB Todd Jr Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
Surg Clin North Am. 2024 Aug;104(4):837-849. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.012. Epub 2024 Mar 23.
Adrenal incidentalomas have increased due to advanced and more sensitive imaging modalities, their increased utilization, and the aging population. Most adrenal incidentalomas are nonfunctional and benign, but a subset of patients has functional and/or malignant tumors. The evaluation of patients with an adrenal incidentaloma involves addressing 2 clinical questions: (1) Is the tumor functional? (2) Is the tumor malignant? A careful history and physical examination focused on signs and symptoms of adrenal functional tumors, biochemical testing, and imaging features are the cornerstone in the evaluation of patients with an adrenal incidentaloma.
由于先进和更敏感的成像方式的应用、其使用的增加以及人口老龄化，肾上腺意外瘤的发病率有所增加。大多数肾上腺意外瘤是非功能性和良性的，但一部分患者存在功能性和/或恶性肿瘤。肾上腺意外瘤患者的评估涉及到解决 2 个临床问题：(1)肿瘤是否具有功能性？(2)肿瘤是否为恶性？对有肾上腺意外瘤的患者进行评估的基础是仔细的病史和体格检查，重点是肾上腺功能性肿瘤的体征和症状、生化检查和影像学特征。
